Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 417

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 183 of the 183 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

3D and 4D Printing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications

Open access
Tamay, Dilara Goksu, Dursun Usal, Tugba, Alagoz, Ayse Selcen, Yucel, Deniz, Hasirci, Nesrin, Hasirci, Vasif·2019·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) and Four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged as the next generation of fabrication techniques, spanning across various research areas, such as engineering, chemistry, biology, computer science, and materials science. Three-dimensional printing enables the fabrication of complex forms with high precision, through a layer-by-layer addition of different materials. Use of intelligent materials which change shape or color, produce an electrical current, become bioactive, or perform an intended function in response to an external stimulus, paves the way for the production of dynamic 3D structures, which is now called 4D printing. 3D and 4D printing techniques have great potential in the production of scaffolds to be applied in tissue engineering, especially in constructing patient specific scaffolds. Furthermore, physical and chemical guidance cues can be printed with these methods to improve the extent and rate of targeted tissue regeneration. This review presents a comprehensive survey of 3D and 4D printing methods, and the advantage of their use in tissue regeneration over other scaffold production approaches.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00164

Cites

183 of 183 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Show all 183 references

Cited by

See all 417

Metadata

Authors
Tamay, D. G., Dursun Usal, T., Alagoz, A. S., Yucel, D., Hasirci, N., & Hasirci, V.
Venue
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Published
2019-07-09
Volume
7
Pages
164-164
ISSN
2296-4185 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2950418377
Cited by
417
References
183
FWCI
17.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 3D and 4D Printing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00164
The paper
Tamay, D. G., Dursun Usal, T., Alagoz, A. S., Yucel, D., Hasirci, N., & Hasirci, V. (2019). 3D and 4D Printing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00164

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.