The role of diet in diabetes gastroparesis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Diabetic gastroparesis is a common complication in patient with diabetes. Dietary intervention has been widely used in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of diet in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Methods: This systematic review was conducted a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials using dietary interventions for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis up to 9 November 2023. The primary outcomes were gastric emptying time and clinical effect, while fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were secondary outcomes. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software, and publication bias test was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1106 participants were included in this review. The results showed that patients with diabetic gastroparesis benefit from dietary interventions (whether personalized dietary care alone or personalized dietary care+routine dietary care). Compared with routine dietary care, personalized dietary care and personalized dietary care+routine dietary care can shorten the gastric emptying time, improve clinical efficacy, and reduce the level of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that dietary intervention can promote gastric emptying and stabilize blood glucose control in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Dietary intervention has unique potential in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate our research results. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023481621.
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Small, frequent meals (4-6 per day) reduce gastric distension and symptom burden.
“Small, frequent meals (4–6 per day) to reduce gastric distension and symptom burden [105, 115–117];”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
The Discussion (page not specified) recommends small, frequent meals for patients with diabetic gastroparesis and says dietary interventions can improve symptoms. It does not specify 4–6 meals per day or say that these meals reduce gastric distension; the stated reason for small, frequent meals is to maintain energy intake. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDietary fat and insoluble fiber delay gastric emptying and exacerbate symptoms.
“Low‑fat and low‑fiber diets, as dietary fat and insoluble fiber delay gastric emptying and exacerbate symptoms [105, 108, 115, 116];”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says high-fat and high-fiber foods can delay gastric emptying and recommends low-fat, low-fiber foods for patients with diabetic gastroparesis. It does not distinguish insoluble fiber from other fiber or directly state that those foods exacerbate symptoms, although it says dietary interventions can improve symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLiquid or homogenized foods are better tolerated than solids.
“Liquid or homogenized foods, which are better tolerated than solids [105, 108, 115, 116];”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
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“First-line strategies include: ● Small, frequent meals (4–6 per day) to reduce gastric distension and symptom burden [105, 115–117]; ● Low-fat and low-fiber diets, as dietary fat and insoluble fiber delay gastric emptying and exacerbate symptoms [105, 108, 115, 116]; ● Liquid or homogenized foods,…”
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Nutritional recommendations in gastroparesis
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- Authors
- Lin, D., Wang, H., Ou, Y., Li, L., Zhang, Q., Yan, J., Peng, D., & Peng, S.
- Affiliations
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Peng, Dezhong
- Peng, Sihan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-06-18
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 1379398-1379398
- ISSN
- 1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11217167
- OpenAlex
- W4399789007
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82104813)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023MD734104)
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetic gastroparesis, dietary intervention, gastric emptying time, glycemic control, HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, diabetes complications
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Gastric Emptying, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Gastroparesis, Diabetes Complications
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