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Absence of Tumor Necrosis Factor Supports Alternative Activation of Macrophages in the Liver after Infection with Leishmania major

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Hu, Shanshan, Marshall, Cameron, Darby, Jocelyn, Wei, Wei, Lyons, Alan Bruce, Körner, Heinrich·2018·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00001
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Abstract

The absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) causes lethal infection by Leishmania major (L. major) in normally resistant C57BL/6J (B6.WT) mice. The underlying pathogenic mechanism of this fatal disease has so far remained elusive. We found that B6.WT mice deficient for the tnf gene (B6.TNF-/-) displayed not only a non-healing cutaneous lesion but also a serious infection of the liver upon L. major inoculation. Infected B6.TNF-/- mice developed an enlarged liver that showed increased inflammation. Furthermore, we detected an accumulating monocyte-derived macrophage population (CD45+F4/80+CD11bhiLy6Clow) that displayed a M2 macrophage phenotype with high expression of CD206, Arginase-1, and IL-6. supporting the notion that IL-6 could be involved in M2 differentiation. In in vitro experiments we demonstrated that IL-6 upregulated M-CSF receptor expression and skewed monocyte differentiation from dendritic cells to macrophages. This was countered by the addition of TNF. Furthermore, TNF interfered with the activation of IL-6-induced gp130-STAT3 and IL-4-STAT6 signaling, thereby abrogating IL-6-facilitated M2 macrophage polarization. Therefore, our results support the notion of a general role of TNF in the inflammatory activation of macrophages and define a new role of IL-6 signaling in macrophage polarization downstream of TNF.

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Metadata

Authors
Hu, S., Marshall, C., Darby, J., Wei, W., Lyons, A. B., & Körner, H.
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2018-01-19
Volume
9
Pages
1-1
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00001
OpenAlex
W2794045287
Cited by
973
References
9
FWCI
78.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Funders
Menzies Research Institute Tasmania (Internal funding)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Absence of Tumor Necrosis Factor Supports Alternative Activation of Macrophages in the Liver after Infection with Leishmania major. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00001
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Hu, S., Marshall, C., Darby, J., Wei, W., Lyons, A. B., & Körner, H. (2018). Absence of Tumor Necrosis Factor Supports Alternative Activation of Macrophages in the Liver after Infection with Leishmania major. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00001

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