Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Systemic Inflammation and Potential Interventions
Open accessAbstract
Diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia is an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases in animals and man. The gut epithelium is an efficient barrier that prevents the absorption of liposaccharide (LPS). Structural changes to the intestinal epithelium in response to dietary alterations allow LPS to enter the bloodstream, resulting in an increase in the plasma levels of LPS (termed metabolic endotoxemia). LPS activates Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) leading to the production of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and, hence, low-grade systemic inflammation. Thus, metabolic endotoxemia can lead to several chronic inflammatory conditions. Obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can also cause an increase in gut permeability and potential pharmacological and dietary interventions could be used to reduce the chronic low-grade inflammation associated with endotoxemia.
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Upon gut barrier breakdown, gram-negative endobacteria and their derived endotoxins, especially LPS, can enter the bloodstream, a condition known as metabolic endotoxemia.
“Upon gut barrier breakdown, gram-negative endobacteria and their derived endotoxins, especially LPS, can enter the bloodstream, a condition known as metabolic endotoxemia [123,142]”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
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Mou, Y., Du, Y., Zhou, L., Yue, J., Hu, X., Liu, Y., Chen, S., Lin, X., Zhang, G., Xiao, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.796288 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment
Varesi, A., Pierella, E., Romeo, M., Piccini, G. B., Alfano, C., Bjørklund, G., Oppong, A., Ricevuti, G., Esposito, C., Chirumbolo, S., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030668 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
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Zhang, L., Xie, Z., Yu, H., Du, H., Wang, X., Cai, J., Qiu, Y., Chen, R., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., et al. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-21-4012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mohammad, S., & Thiemermann, C.
- Affiliations
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mohammad, Shireen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-01-11
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 594150-594150
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7829348
- OpenAlex
- W3120181244
- Cited by
- 585
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 128 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- metabolic endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharide, intestinal permeability, intestinal epithelium, TLR4, low-grade inflammation, chronic inflammation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dietary intervention, inflammatory cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immunity, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Lipopolysaccharides, Signal Transduction, Biomarkers, Endotoxemia, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Toll-Like Receptors, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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