Immunogenic Cell Death-Based Cancer Vaccines

Jin, Ming-Zhu; Wang, Xi-Peng

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.697964

Cited by 99Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersCell death mechanisms and regulation

Immunogenic Cell Death-Based Cancer Vaccines

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Jin, Ming-Zhu, Wang, Xi-Peng·2021·Frontiers in Immunology

DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697964PMC PMC8200667

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Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved great advancement in the past decades. Whereas, its response is largely limited in immunologically cold tumors, in an urgent need to be solve. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that inducing immunogenic cell deaths (ICDs) is an attractive approach to activate antitumor immunity. Upon specific stress, cancer cells undergo ICDs and dying cancer cells release danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), produce neoantigens and trigger adaptive immunity. ICDs exert a cancer vaccine-like effect and Inducement of ICDs mimics process of cancer vaccination. In this review, we propose a concept of ICD-based cancer vaccines and summarize sources of ICD-based cancer vaccines and their challenges, which may broaden the understandings of ICD and cancer vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of BNT111 alone or in combination with PD-1 antibody can activate tumor antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and elicit durable immune responses.
“Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of BNT111 alone or in combination with PD-1 antibody can activate tumor antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and elicit durable immune responses.345,350–352”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [352]

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Background
Bleomycin Exerts Ambivalent Antitumor Immune Effect by Triggering Both Immunogenic Cell Death and Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells
Bugaut, H., Bruchard, M., Berger, H., Dérangère, V., Odoul, L., Euvrard, R., Ladoire, S., Chalmin, F., Végran, F., Rébé, C., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065181 · Cited by 119 · cited 1× · see citing works
“So far, anthracyclins (22), bleomycin (23), bortezomib (24), cyclophosphamide (25, 26), daunorubicin (22), doxorubicin (22), idarubicin (22), melphalan (27), oxaliplatin (31), paclitaxel (44) and trifluridine/tipiracil (29) have been proved to induce ICDs; while, cisplatin, mitomycin C were proved to induce non-immuno…”
Background
Antitumor Immunity Triggered by Melphalan Is Potentiated by Melanoma Cell Surface–Associated Calreticulin
Dudek-Perić, A. M., Ferreira, G. B., Muchowicz, A., Wouters, J., Prada, N., Martin, S., Kiviluoto, S., Winiarska, M., Boon, L., Mathieu, C., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2089 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Metronomic cyclophosphamide eradicates large implanted GL261 gliomas by activating antitumor Cd8 + T-cell responses and immune memory
Wu, J., & Waxman, D. J. (2015) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2015.1005521 · Cited by 97 · cited 2× · see citing works
“pase-3 activation; ivation of NF-kB–mediated CCL2 scription; Activated vesicle cytosis induced by IkappaBiated SNARE; Apoptosis (22, 24, 25, 27, 31, 44)”
Background
Induction of immunogenic apoptosis by blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor activation with a specific antibody
Garrido, G., Rabasa, A., Sánchez, B., López, M. V., Blanco, R., López, A., Hernández, D. R., Pérez, R., & Fernández, L. E. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003477 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Immune Modulation by Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Efficacy with Anti-PD1 Antibody
Kanaya, N., Kuroda, S., Kakiuchi, Y., Kumon, K., Tsumura, T., Hashimoto, M., Morihiro, T., Kubota, T., Aoyama, K., Kikuchi, S., et al. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.003 · Cited by 78 · cited 11× · see citing works
“Previous studies have revealed that oncolytic viruses such as Coxsackievirus B3, Adenovirus, Measles virus, Semliki Forest virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza A virus elicit ICDs (33, 34, 45–47, 50) and improve immune responses of ICBs (48, 49).”
BackgroundInfluential
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus as a prospective anti-cancer therapy. A biologic agent with potential to break therapy resistance
Schirrmacher, V. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2015.1088000 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: An Overview
Itoh, K., Yamada, A., Mine, T., & Noguchi, M. (2008) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/hyn132 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Potentiating prostate cancer immunotherapy with oncolytic viruses
Lee, P. C., & Gujar, S. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/nrurol.2018.10 · Cited by 69 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Vaccination With ICD Inducers: Oncolytic Viruses OVs have become attractive formats of cancer vaccine in immunotherapy considering its direct cytotoxicity mediated by oncolysis, immune activation and anti-angiogenesis (61).”
Background
Personalized cancer vaccine strategy elicits polyfunctional T cells and demonstrates clinical benefits in ovarian cancer
Tanyi, J. L., Chiang, C. L.-L., Chiffelle, J., Thierry, A., Baumgartener, P., Huber, F., Goepfert, C., Tarussio, D., Tissot, S., Torigian, D. A., et al. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00297-5 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Personalized ovarian cancer vaccine produced neoantigen-specific T cells and prolonged survival of OC-bearing mice (10).”
Background
T cells are crucial for the anti-metastatic effect of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies
Garrido, G., Lorenzano, P., Sánchez, B., Beausoleil, I., Alonso, D. F., Pérez, R., & Fernandez, L. E. (2007) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-007-0313-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Whole cell vaccination using immunogenic cell death by an oncolytic adenovirus is effective against a colorectal cancer model
Yamano, T., Kubo, S., Fukumoto, M., Yano, A., Mawatari-Furukawa, Y., Okamura, H., & Tomita, N. (2016) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1038/mto.2016.31 · Cited by 41 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, the combination of adenovirus and oxaliplatin, both demonstrated to be ICD inducers in colorectal cancer in previous studies (31, 47), leaded to reduced tumor growth and longer median survival CT26 (mouse rectal adenocarcinoma cell line)-bearing mice compared to adenovirus or oxaliplatin alone (64).”
Background
From threat to cure: understanding of virus-induced cell death leads to highly immunogenic oncolytic influenza viruses
Kabiljo, J., Laengle, J., & Bergmann, M. M. (2020) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-020-0284-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Crizotinib – a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that stimulates immunogenic cell death
Liu, P., Zhao, L., Kepp, O., & Kroemer, G. (2019) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2019.1596652 · Cited by 36 · cited 11× · see citing works
“Previous studies have revealed that oncolytic viruses such as Coxsackievirus B3, Adenovirus, Measles virus, Semliki Forest virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza A virus elicit ICDs (33, 34, 45–47, 50) and improve immune responses of ICBs (48, 49).”
BackgroundInfluential
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce immunogenic cell death in suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis
Fletcher, R., Tong, J., Risnik, D., Leibowitz, B. J., Wang, Y., Concha‐Benavente, F., DeLiberty, J. M., Stolz, D. B., Pai, R. K., Ferris, R. L., et al. (2021) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-021-01687-8 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Apart from up-mentioned a great variety of inducers, other therapeutic agents such as cardiac glycosides (66), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (67), dinaciclib (an experimental inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases) (68) displayed ability to induce ICDs as well.”
Background
Treatment of hairy cell leukemia with recombinant alpha-interferon
Quesada, J., Hersh, E., Manning, J. T., et al. (1986) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v68.2.493.bloodjournal682493 · Cited by 33 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Thirty-five years have passed when interferon-a (IFN-a), the first cancer immunotherapy, was approved by FDA for treating hairy cell leukemia (6).”
Background
Intratumoral virotherapy with 4-1BBL armed modified vaccinia Ankara eradicates solid tumors and promotes protective immune memory
Hinterberger, M., Giessel, R., Fiore, G., Gräbnitz, F., Bathke, B., Wennier, S. T., Chaplin, P. J., Melero, I., Suter, M., Lauterbach, H., et al. (2021) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001586 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adenovirus and Oxaliplatin cooperate as agnostic sensitizers for immunogenic cell death in colorectal carcinoma
Jessup, J. M., Kabbout, M., Korokhov, N., Joun, A., Tollefson, A. E., Wold, W. S. M., & Mattoo, A. R. (2019) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1665960 · Cited by 11 · cited 3× · see citing works
“For example, the combination of adenovirus and oxaliplatin, both demonstrated to be ICD inducers in colorectal cancer in previous studies (31, 47), leaded to reduced tumor growth and longer median survival CT26 (mouse rectal adenocarcinoma cell line)-bearing mice compared to adenovirus or oxaliplatin alone (64).”
Background
Cancer Immunosurveillance
(2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8885-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

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Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
Fang, E., Liu, X., Li, M., Zhang, Z., Song, L., Zhu, B., Wu, X., Liu, J., Zhao, D., & Li, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00950-y · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Immunogenic Cell Death Augmented by Manganese Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles for Metastatic Melanoma Immunotherapy
Li, Z., Chu, Z., Yang, J., Qian, H., Xu, J., Chen, B., Tian, T., Chen, H., Xu, Y., & Wang, F. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c08013 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer
Mikhail, A. S., Morhard, R., Mauda‐Havakuk, M., Kassin, M. T., Arrichiello, A., & Wood, B. J. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.115083 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Shift from Conventional Approach to New Generations
Lee, K.-W., Yam, J. W. P., & Mao, X. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12172147 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Nano Delivery of Chemotherapeutic ICD Inducers for Tumor Immunotherapy
Guo, J., Zou, Y., & Huang, L. (2023) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202201307 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Enhancing anti-tumor immunity through liposomal oxaliplatin and localized immunotherapy via STING activation
Gu, Z., Hao, Y., Schomann, T., OSSENDORP, F. A., ten Dijke, P., & Cruz, L. J. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.011 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Nanomedicine embraces cancer radio-immunotherapy: mechanism, design, recent advances, and clinical translation.
Li, H.-N., Luo, Q., Zhang, H., Ma, X.-L., Gu, Z., Gong, Q.-Y., & Luo, K. (2022) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d2cs00437b · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Self‐Reporting Fluorescent Salicylaldehyde–Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Type‐II ICD Inducer for Cancer Vaccines
Zhang, M., Jin, X., Gao, M., Zhang, Y., & Tang, B. Z. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202205701 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma
Decraene, B., Yang, Y., Smet, F. D., Garg, A. D., Agostinis, P., & Vleeschouwer, S. D. (2022) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/s41435-021-00161-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“However, so far only a few bona fide ICD inducers have been identified and were tested in clinical trials [78, 79].”
Background
Stimulators of immunogenic cell death for cancer therapy: focusing on natural compounds
Amiri, M., Molavi, O., Sabetkam, S., Jafari, S., & Montazersaheb, S. (2023) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-023-03058-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Engineering nanomedicines for immunogenic eradication of cancer cells: Recent trends and synergistic approaches
Elzoghby, A. O., Samir, O., Emam, H. E., Soliman, A., Abdelgalil, R. M., Elmorshedy, Y. M., Elkhodairy, K. A., & Nasr, M. L. (2024) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.022 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“This is expected to promote efﬁcient tumor elimination through receptor proofreading 11,12,15 .”
Background
Recent Advances in Immune-Based Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Restelli, C., Ruella, M., Paruzzo, L., Tarella, C., Pelicci, P. G., & Colombo, E. (2024) · Blood Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0202 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Targeting Tumor Hypoxia with Nanoparticle-Based Therapies: Challenges, Opportunities, and Clinical Implications
Debnath, S. K., Debnath, M., Ghosh, A., Srivastava, R., & Omri, A. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17101389 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“These findings underscore the potential benefits of nanoparticulate delivery of anti-hypoxic drugs in managing pancreatic cancer.”
Background
Heat Shock Proteins, a Double-Edged Sword: Significance in Cancer Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives
Kunachowicz, D., Król-Kulikowska, M., Raczycka, W., Sleziak, J., Błażejewska, M., & Kulbacka, J. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16081500 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“The Hsp90 peptide, along with the melanoma-derived peptide, are components of an anticancer vaccine, known under the name Oncophage, which has been approved in early-stage kidney cancer therapy [255].”
Background
Reversing the negative effect of adenosine A1 receptor-targeted immunometabolism modulation on melanoma by a co-delivery nanomedicine for self-activation of anti-PD-L1 DNAzyme
Guo, J., Liu, P., Wei, B., Peng, Y., Ding, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, G., Su, J., Liu, H. S., Zhou, W., et al. (2022) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101722 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nanomaterials-driven in situ vaccination: a novel frontier in tumor immunotherapy
Liu, N., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Yonemori, K., Fang, Y., Gao, J., Kong, X., & Wang, J. (2025) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-025-01692-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multifunctional Nano‐Biomaterials for Cancer Therapy via Inducing Enhanced Immunogenic Cell Death
Chen, Q., Li, C., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202201457 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Immunogenic cell death: A new strategy to enhancing cancer immunotherapy
Dou, L., Fang, Y., Yang, H., Ai, G., & Shen, N. (2024) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2024.2437918 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“100 A novel approach to in situ cancer vaccination involves utilizing the patient’s tumor antigens, which are produced by ICD inducers.”
Metal-based immunogenic cell death inducers for cancer immunotherapy
Zou, J. X., Chang, M. R., Kuznetsov, N. A., Kee, J. X., Babak, M. V., & Ang, W. H. (2025) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d4sc08495k · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Recent progress in cancer vaccines and nanovaccines
Poudel, K., Vithiananthan, T., Kim, J. O., & Tsao, H. (2024) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122856 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Immunotherapy: cancer immunotherapy and its combination with nanomaterials and other therapies
Guo, Y., Gao, F., Ahmed, A. R., Rafiq, M., Yu, B., Cong, H., & Shen, Y. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d3tb01358h · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Redirecting Antigens by Engineered Photosynthetic Bacteria and Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Han, D., Wang, F., Ma, Y., Zhao, Y. F., Zhang, W., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Yang, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c01912 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
ROS in hepatocellular carcinoma: What we know
Xing, L., Tang, Y., Li, L., & Tao, X. (2023) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2023.109699 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Systemic IFN-I combined with topical TLR7/8 agonists promotes distant tumor suppression by c-Jun-dependent IL-12 expression in dendritic cells
Sanlorenzo, M., Novoszel, P., Vujic, I., Gastaldi, T., Hammer, M., Fari, O., Fernandes, C. D. S., Landau, A. D., Göcen-Oguz, B. V., Holcmann, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-024-00889-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“This tumor cell death likely provides an immunogenic environment that promotes the activation of DCs through danger-associated molecular patterns 38 and the release of neo-antigens to exert an in situ cancer vaccine-like effect 39 .”
Development of a High-Efficacy and Low-Toxicity Cobalt(II) Agent for Targeting Inhibition of Tumor Growth through Mitochondrial Damage-Mediated Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Zhu, M., Xu, S., Li, G., Xu, G., Zhang, Z., Liang, H., & Yang, F. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01235 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tumor Vascular Destruction and cGAS‐STING Activation Induced by Single Drug‐Loaded Nano‐Micelles for Multiple Synergistic Therapies of Cancer
Gu, J., Liu, X., Ji, Z., Shen, M., Zhu, M., Ren, Y., Guo, L., Yang, K., Liu, T., & Yi, X. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202303517 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dual depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor cells with self-assembled gemcitabine-celecoxib nano-twin drug for cancer chemoimmunotherapy
Zhang, X., Liang, Q., Cao, Y., Yang, T., An, M., Liu, Z., Yang, J., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02598-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“In addition, it triggers ICD, followed by stimulation of DCs to present tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to T cells for activating antitumor immune response [26–28].”
Background
Immunogenic cell death-based oncolytic virus therapy: A sharp sword of tumor immunotherapy
Zhang, J., Chen, J., & Lin, K. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176913 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Immunogenic cell death as interplay between physical anticancer modalities and immunotherapy
Engelen, Y., Demuynck, R., Ramon, J., Breckpot, K., Smedt, S. C. D., Lajoinie, G. P. R., Braeckmans, K., Krysko, D. V., & Lentacker, I. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113721 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Enhancing personalized immune checkpoint therapy by immune archetyping and pharmacological targeting
Cerella, C., Dicato, M. A., & Diederich, M. F. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106914 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines: Harnessing immune adjuvants for enhanced efficacy and future perspectives
Ren, D., Xiong, S., Ren, Y., Yang, X., Zhao, X., Jin, J., Xu, M., Liang, T., Guo, L., & Weng, L. (2024) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.054 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“These antigens trigger an immune response mediated by IFN-γ , eliminating any remaining tumor cells [89,90].”
Background
Crizotinib prodrug micelles co-delivered doxorubicin for synergistic immunogenic cell death induction on breast cancer chemo-immunotherapy
Liang, Q., Yang, L., Li, Y., Cao, Y., Li, J., & Liu, Y. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Immunogenic Cell Death Role in Urothelial Cancer Therapy
Yadollahvandmiandoab, R., Jalalizadeh, M., Buosi, K., García‐Perdomo, H. A., & Reis, L. O. (2022) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol29090526 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A combination of genetically engineered oncolytic virus and melittin-CpG for cancer viro-chemo-immunotherapy
Bahreyni, A., Liu, H., Mohamud, Y., Xue, Y. C., Fan, Y. M., Zhang, Y. L., & Luo, H. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02901-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Our in vitro studies showed strong activation of macrophages after a combination treatment, while in vivo investigation revealed considerable infiltration of macrophages, T cells and NK cells into the TME.”
BackgroundInfluential
Immunogenic cell death-related gene landscape predicts the overall survival and immune infiltration status of ovarian cancer
Zhang, W., Liu, T., Jiang, L., Chen, J., Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.1001239 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Studies have clearly pointed out that ICD-based cancer vaccines can be immunogenic against “cold” tumors while increasing sensitivity to immunotherapy (Jin and Wang, 2021).”
Background
A tumor‐targeting nano‐adjuvant for in situ vaccine based on ultrasound therapy
Cui, L., Yao, H., Xue, F., Sun, J., Ren, X., Zheng, M., Liu, Z., & Tang, Z. (2024) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.504 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A hybrid of lactic acid bacteria and metal-organic frameworks potentiates photodynamic immunotherapy for hypoxia-targeted tumor eradication
Li, T., Wang, J., Chen, T., Wageh, S., Al‐Ghamdi, A. A., Yu, J., Xie, Z., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-022-2141-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Intratumoural vaccination via checkpoint degradation-coupled antigen presentation
Han, Y., Ma, Y., Pei, M., Yin, S.-Y., Wang, J.-H., Guo, L.-Y., Fang, Y.-K., Guo, W., Deng, C., Zhao, S., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09903-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Previous reports showed that CTL-mediated tumour lysis may lead to immunogenic cell death 34,35 , which not only releases antigens but also induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, APC recruitment and TME modulation for generating tumour-specific immunity. iVAC-treated tumours exhibited…”
Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern/Cell Death Pathways in Vaccine-Induced Immunity
Lee, S. M., Kim, P., You, J., & Kim, E. H. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13122340 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“ICD has been reported to be induced during photo-based therapy as well as by oncolytic viruses and natural compounds [91].”
Background
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of liposome entrapped iridium(III) complexes toward SGC-7901 cells
Chen, Y.-C., Gu, Y., Hu, H., Liu, H., Li, W., Huang, C., Chen, J., Liang, L., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112134 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An immunogenic cell death-related signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in stomach adenocarcinoma
Liu, Z., Sun, L., Peng, X., Liu, S., Zhu, Z., & Huang, C. (2023) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-023-01879-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“In recent years, more and more studies have shown that induction of ICD is a promising approach to activate antitumor immunity [14, 17, 24, 25].”
Background
Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment
Wang, J., Ma, J., Tai, Z., Li, L., Zhang, T., Cheng, T., Yu, J., Zhu, Q., Bao, L., & Chen, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s434582 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“11,12 CDAMP mainly consists of HMGB1, ATP, CRT, HSP70, HSP90, ANXA1, while IDAMP mainly consists of IFN, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL10, etc. 13–15 During autophagy, lysosomes secrete large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which acts as a chemokine to attract myeloid immune cells, such as DC…”
Background
A personalized vaccine combining immunogenic cell death-induced cells and nanosized antigens for enhanced antitumor immunity
Yang, Y., Zheng, P., Duan, B., Yang, Y., Zheng, X. W., Li, W., Liu, Q., Hu, Y., & Ma, Y. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.060 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Exosomes as drug delivery system in gastrointestinal cancer
Xie, F., Huang, Y., Zhan, Y., & Bao, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1101823 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Integratively Genomic Analysis Reveals the Prognostic and Immunological Characteristics of Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer for Precision Immunotherapy
Yu, T., Tan, H., Liu, C., Nie, W., Wang, Y., Zhou, K., & Shi, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.826879 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of the Alkylating Agent Cyclophosphamide in Potentiating Anti-Tumor Immunity
Gephart, B. D., Coulter, D. W., & Solheim, J. C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136440 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“These damage-associated molecular patterns include high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), ecto-calreticulin (ecto-CRT), and extracellular ATP [9,10].”
Conventional amphotericin B elicits markers of immunogenic cell death on leukemic blasts, mediates immunostimulatory effects on phagocytic cells, and synergizes with PD-L1 blockade
Kofla, G., Radecke, C., Frentsch, M., Walther, W., Stintzing, S., Riess, H., Bullinger, L., & Na, I. (2022) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2022.2068109 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Consequently, DAMPs released after ICD can stimulate maturation of the antigen presenting cells (APCs) capable of eliciting adaptive immune responses, followed by the establishment of an immunological memory.(5,7) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation appear to be the common fe…”
Background
Identification and validation of immunogenic cell death-related score in uveal melanoma to improve prediction of prognosis and response to immunotherapy
Li, X., Kang, J., Yue, J., Xu, D., Liao, C., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., Liu, Q., Jiao, J., Wang, L., et al. (2023) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204680 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A mitochondria-targeting dihydroartemisinin derivative as a reactive oxygen species -based immunogenic cell death inducer
Zhao, H., Li, K., Wang, D., Zhang, Z.-L., Xu, Z., Qi, M., & Huang, S. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108702 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Recent progress in diagnostic imaging and therapeutics of osteosarcoma based on multifunctional nanoparticles
Yan, X., Lin, D., Yan, D., Wang, D., & Su, H. (2024) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2101-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
CaCO3-complexed pH-responsive nanoparticles encapsulating mitoxantrone and celastrol enhance tumor chemoimmunotherapy
Zhang, L., Hu, H., Cai, W., Chen, S., Sheng, P. X., & Fu, X. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124860 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aptamer-modified melittin micelles efficiently inhibit osteosarcoma deterioration by inducing immunogenic cell death
Jia, S., Chen, Y., Hu, M., Hu, M., Zhang, C., Cai, H., Li, X., Chen, H., & Yu, X. M. (2025) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114512 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tumor neoantigens and tumor immunotherapies
Jiani, W., Qin, T., & Ma, J. (2024) · Aging Medicine · doi:10.1002/agm2.12295 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Authors: Jin, M.-Z., & Wang, X.-P.
Affiliations: Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
ORCID: Jin, Ming-Zhu
Venue: Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2021-05-31
Volume: 12
Pages: 697964-697964
ISSN: 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697964
PMC: PMC8200667
OpenAlex: W3169068839
Cited by: 99
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 2
FWCI: 1.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874103, 81930064)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Keywords: immunogenic cell death, cancer vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, damage-associated molecular patterns, neoantigens, antitumor immunity, cold tumors
MeSH terms: Alarmins, Immunogenic Cell Death, Animals, Humans, Neoplasms, Cancer Vaccines

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