Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Show IgG Immune Responses Towards Specific Intestinal Bacterial Genera
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a disturbed gut microbiota composition. Patients with IBD have both elevated mucosal and serum levels of IgG-antibodies directed against bacterial antigens, including flagellins. In this study, we aimed to determine to which intestinal bacteria the humoral immune response is directed to in patients with IBD. Methods: Fecal and serum samples were collected from patients with IBD (n=55) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=55). Fecal samples were incubated with autologous serum and IgG-coated fractions were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and its efficiency was assessed by flow cytometry. The bacterial composition of both untreated and IgG-coated fecal samples was determined by 16S rRNA-gene Illumina sequencing. Results: IgG-coated fecal samples were characterized by significantly lower microbial diversity compared to the fecal microbiome. Both in patients with IBD and controls, serum IgG responses were primarily directed to Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Veillonella and Enterobacteriaceae, as well as against specific Lachnospiraceae bacteria, including Coprococcus and Dorea (all P<0.001), and to Ruminococcus gnavus-like bacteria (P<0.05). In contrast, serological IgG responses against typical commensal, anaerobic and colonic microbial species were rather low, e.g. to the Lachnospiraceae members Roseburia and Blautia, to Faecalibacterium, as well as to Bacteroides. Patients with IBD showed more IgG-coating of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus bacteria compared to healthy controls (all P<0.05). No differences in IgG-coated bacterial fractions were observed between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, between active or non-active disease, nor between different disease locations. Conclusion: The IgG immune response is specifically targeted at distinct intestinal bacterial genera that are typically associated with the small intestinal microbiota, whereas responses against more colonic-type commensals are lower, which was particularly the case for patients with IBD. These findings may be indicative of a strong immunological exposure to potentially pathogenic intestinal bacteria in concordance with relative immune tolerance against commensal bacteria.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The humoral immune response to gut microorganisms includes T cell-dependent and T cell-independent memory B cell responses and can be tracked by serological reactivity to common intestinal bacteria.
“The humoral immune response against gut microorganisms encompasses T cell-dependent and T cell-independent memory B cell responses and can be monitored by serological reactivities against prevalent intestinal bacteria113–115.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [113]
In IBD faecal samples, 13-77% (mean 38%) of bacteria were IgG-coated after incubation with autologous serum.
“Anti-IgG-based flow cytometry of faecal samples from patients with IBD revealed that 13–77% (mean 38%) of bacteria were IgG-coated after incubation with autologous serum113.”
From Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [113]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887 · see citing works
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
Edgar, R. C. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 · Cited by 20,617 · see citing works
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726 · see citing works
ARB: a software environment for sequence data
Ludwig, W. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh293 · Cited by 6,649 · see citing works
Frank, D. N., St. Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706625104 · Cited by 4,611 · see citing works
Sokol, H., Pigneur, B., Watterlot, L., Lakhdari, O., Bermúdez-Humarán, L. G., Gratadoux, J.-J., Blugeon, S., Bridonneau, C., Furet, J.-P., Corthier, G., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804812105 · Cited by 4,413 · see citing works
Parada Venegas, D., De la Fuente, M. K., Landskron, G., González, M. J., Quera, R., Dijkstra, G., Harmsen, H. J. M., Faber, K. N., & Hermoso, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277 · Cited by 3,820 · see citing works
Self-citationMulti-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases
Lloyd-Price, J., Arze, C., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Schirmer, M., Avila-Pacheco, J., Poon, T. W., Andrews, E., Ajami, N. J., Bonham, K. S., Brislawn, C. J., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1237-9 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Franke, A., McGovern, D. P. B., Barrett, J. C., Wang, K., Radford-Smith, G. L., Ahmad, T., Lees, C. W., Balschun, T., Lee, J., Roberts, R., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.717 · Cited by 2,520 · see citing works
Louis, P., & Flint, H. J. (2009) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01514.x · Cited by 2,179 · see citing works
PANDAseq: paired-end assembler for Illumina sequences
Masella, A. P., Bartram, A. K., Truszkowski, J. M., Brown, D. G., & Neufeld, J. D. (2012) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-31 · Cited by 2,132 · see citing works
Peng, L., Li, Z.-R., Green, R. S., Holzmanr, I. R., & Lin, J. (2009) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.104638 · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease
Franzosa, E. A., Sirota-Madi, A., Avila-Pacheco, J., Fornelos, N., Haiser, H. J., Reinker, S., Vatanen, T., Hall, A. B., Mallick, H., McIver, L. J., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0306-4 · Cited by 1,995 · see citing works
Intestinal permeability – a new target for disease prevention and therapy
Bischoff, S. C., Barbara, G., Buurman, W., Ockhuizen, T., Schulzke, J.-D., Serino, M., Tilg, H., Watson, A., & Wells, J. M. (2014) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-014-0189-7 · Cited by 1,755 · see citing works
High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS
Miltenyi, S., Müller, W., Weichel, W., & Radbruch, A. (1990) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/cyto.990110203 · Cited by 1,680 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chang, J. T. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2002697 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
Willing, B. P., Dicksved, J., Halfvarson, J., Andersson, A. F., Lucio, M., Zheng, Z., Järnerot, G., Tysk, C., Jansson, J. K., & Engstrand, L. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.049 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Wang, H.-B., Wang, P.-Y., Wang, X., Wan, Y.-L., & Liu, Y.-C. (2012) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2259-4 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease
Lodes, M. J., Cong, Y., Elson, C. O., Mohamath, R., Landers, C. J., Targan, S. R., Fort, M., & Hershberg, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200420295 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Bartram, A. K., Lynch, M. D. J., Stearns, J. C., Moreno‐Hagelsieb, G., & Neufeld, J. D. (2011) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02772-10 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Alterations of the dominant faecal bacterial groups in patients with Crohn's disease of the colon
Seksik, P., Rigottier‐Gois, L., Gramet, G., BRIEND‐SUTREN, M., Pochart, P., Marteau, P. R., Jian, R., & Dore, J. M. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.2.237 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Environmental factors shaping the gut microbiome in a Dutch population
Gacesa, R., Kurilshikov, A., Vich Vila, A., Sinha, T., Klaassen, M. A. Y., Bolte, L. A., Andreu-Sánchez, S., Chen, L., Collij, V., Hu, S., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04567-7 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Self-citationImportance of disrupted intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel diseases
Salim, S. Y., & Söderholm, J. D. (2010) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21403 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Vich Vila, A., Imhann, F., Collij, V., Jankipersadsing, S. A., Gurry, T., Mujagic, Z., Kurilshikov, A., Bonder, M. J., Jiang, X., Tigchelaar, E. F., et al. (2018) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aap8914 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Self-citationTargan, S. R., Landers, C. J., Yang, H., Lodes, M. J., Cong, Y., Papadakis, K. A., Vasiliauskas, E., Elson, C. O., & Hershberg, R. M. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.046 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
The IBD interactome: an integrated view of aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy
de Souza, H. S. P., Fiocchi, C., & Iliopoulos, D. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.110 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Kastl, A., Terry, N. A., Wu, G. D., & Albenberg, L. G. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.006 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Torres, J., Petralia, F., Sato, T., Wang, P., Telesco, S., Choung, R. S., Strauss, R. S., Li, X.-J., Laird, R. M., Gutiérrez, R. L., et al. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.007 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Arnott, I. D., Landers, C. J., Nimmo, E., Drummond, H. E., Smith, B., Targan, S. R., & Satsangi, J. (2004) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40417.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Mucosal or systemic microbiota exposures shape the B cell repertoire
Li, H., Limenitakis, J. P., Greiff, V., Yılmaz, B., Schären, O. P., Urbaniak, C., Zünd, M., Lawson, M. A., Young, I. D., Rupp, S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2564-6 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
von Martels, J. Z. H., Sadabad, M. S., Bourgonje, A. R., Blokzijl, T., Dijkstra, G. D. H., Faber, K. N., & Harmsen, H. J. M. (2017) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.001 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationHeida, F. H., van Zoonen, A. G. J. F., Hulscher, J. B. F., Kiefte, B. J. C. T., Wessels, R., Kooi, E. M. W., Bos, A. F., Harmsen, H. J. M., & de Goffau, M. C. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw016 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationMucosal bacterial microflora and mucus layer thickness inadolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Fyderek, K., Strus, M., Kowalska‐Duplaga, K., Gosiewski, T., Wędrychowicz, A., Jedynak‐Wąsowicz, U., Sładek, M., Pieczarkowski, S., Adamski, P., Kochan, P., et al. (2009) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.15.5287 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Choung, R. S., Princen, F., Stockfisch, T. P., Torres, J., Maue, A. C., Porter, C. K., Leon, F., Vroey, B. D., Singh, S., Riddle, M. S., et al. (2016) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13641 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Serological markers predict inflammatory bowel disease years before the diagnosis
van Schaik, F. D. M., Oldenburg, B., Hart, A. R., Siersema, P. D., Lindgren, S. C., Grip, O., Teucher, B., Kaaks, R., Bergmann, M. M., Boeing, H., et al. (2012) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302717 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Isolation of flagellated bacteria implicated in Crohnʼs disease
Duck, W. L., Walter, M. R., Novák, J., Kelly, D., Tomasi, M., Cong, Y., & Elson, C. O. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20237 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Maukonen, J., Simões, C., & Saarela, M. (2011) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01257.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Anti-flagellin (CBir1) phenotypic and genetic Crohnʼs disease associations
Papadakis, K. A., Yang, H., Ippoliti, A., Mei, L., Elson, C. O., Hershberg, R. M., Vasiliauskas, E. A., Fleshner, P. R., Abreu, M. T., Taylor, K. D., et al. (2007) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.20106 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin coating of faecal bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease
van der Waaij, L. A., Kroese, F. G. M., Visser, A., Nelis, G. F., Bd, W., Jansen, P. L. M., & Hunter, J. O. (2004) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/01.meg.0000108346.41221.19 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Human Microbiota Flagellins Drive Adaptive Immune Responses in Crohn’s Disease
Alexander, K. L., Zhao, Q. S., Reif, M. S., Rosenberg, A. F., Mannon, P., Duck, L. W., & Elson, C. O. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.064 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Species Level Description of the Human Ileal Bacterial Microbiota
Villmones, H. C., Haug, E. S., Ulvestad, E., Grude, N., Stenstad, T., Halland, A., & Kommedal, Ø. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23198-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lee, S.-H., Turpin, W., Espin‐Garcia, O., Garay, J. A. R., Smith, M. I., Leibovitzh, H., Goethel, A., Turner, D., Mack, D. R., Deslandres, C., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Human seroreactivity to gut microbiota antigens
Christmann, B. S., Abrahamsson, T., Bernstein, C. N., Duck, L. W., Mannon, P., Berg, G. E., Björkstén, B., Jenmalm, M. C., & Elson, C. O. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.036 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Bourgonje, A. R., Andreu‐Sánchez, S., Vogl, T. J., Hu, S., Vila, A. V., Gaćeša, R., Leviatan, S., Kurilshikov, A., Klompus, S., Kalka, I. N., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.017 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationSpekhorst, L. M., Imhann, F., Festen, E. A. M., Bodegraven, A. A. V., de Boer, N. K. H., Bouma, G., Fidder, H. H., D’Haens, G., Hoentjen, F., Hommes, D. W., et al. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016695 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationCrohn's Disease Patients Have More IgG-Binding Fecal Bacteria than Controls
Harmsen, H. J. M., Pouwels, S. D., Funke, A., Bos, N. A., & Dijkstra, G. D. H. (2012) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.05517-11 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationRuigrok, R. A. A. A., Collij, V., Sureda, P. F., Klaassen, M. A. Y., Bolte, L. A., Jansen, B. H., Voskuil, M. D., Fu, J., Wijmenga, C., Zhernakova, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab020 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Masu, Y., Kanazawa, Y., Kakuta, Y., Shimoyama, Y., Onodera, M., Naito, T., Moroi, R., Kuroha, M., Kimura, T., Shiga, H., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96289-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Monteleone, G., Peluso, I., Fina, D., Caruso, R., Andrei, F., Tosti, C., & Pallone, F. (2006) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(07)60005-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Significant Bacterial Diversity of Botrytized Wine
Bokulich, N. A., Joseph, C. M. L., Allen, G., Benson, A. K., & Mills, D. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036357 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bourgonje, A. R., Andreu‐Sánchez, S., Vogl, T. J., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471581 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Faecalibacterium : a bacterial genus with promising human health applications
Martín, R., Ríos-Covián, D., Huillet, E., Auger, S., Khazaal, S., Bermúdez‐Humarán, L. G., Sokol, H., Chatel, J., & Langella, P. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuad039 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy
Thomas, A. M., Fidelle, M., Routy, B., Kroemer, G., Wargo, J. A., Segata, N., & Zitvogel, L. (2023) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00785-8 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Abdelbary, M. M. H., Hatting, M., Bott, A., Dahlhausen, A., Keller, D., Trautwein, C., & Conrads, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1010853 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Díez-Martín, E., Hernández-Suárez, L., Muñoz‐Villafranca, C., Martin–Souto, L., Astigarraga, E., Ramirez‐Garcia, A., & Barreda‐Gómez, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25137062 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Vaccines for immune tolerance against autoimmune disease
Kim, A., Xie, F., Abed, O. A., & Moon, J. J. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.115140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
DuPont, H. L., Jiang, Z., Alexander, A. S., Dupont, A. W., & Brown, E. L. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010093 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lin, Q., Hao, W.-J., Zhou, R.-M., Huang, C.-L., Wang, X., Liu, Y., & Li, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211259 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05316-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Azami, N. L. B., Liu, N., & Sun, M. (2023) · Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.1177/15330338221135938 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
van Gogh, M., Louwers, J. M., Celli, A., Gräve, S., Viveen, M. C., Bosch, S., de Boer, N. K. H., Verheijden, R. J., Suijkerbuijk, K. P. M., Brand, E. C., et al. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01923-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hu, L., Lai, C., Li, Y. H., Sun, R., Yang, H., Liu, X., & Yu, P. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00848-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Joo, M., & Nam, S. (2024) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-024-03425-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Six Decades of Dopamine Hypothesis: Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor the New D2?
Sfera, A. (2023) · Reports — Medical Cases Images and Videos · doi:10.3390/reports6030036 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, D., Tang, G., Yu, J., Li, Y., Feng, L., Liu, H., Li, J., Chen, L., Cao, Y., & Yao, J. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.04818-22 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Reactivity of Autologous Serum IgG to Gut Microbes in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Tabassum, N., Nakayama‐Imaohji, H., Munyeshyaka, E., Tada, A., Kondo, T., Kondo, S., Kusaka, T., & Kuwahara, T. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178196 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Xavier, L. F., Gaćeša, R., da Rocha, G. H. O., Broering, M. F., Scharf, P. R. D. S., Lima, F. D. S., Faber, K. N., Harmsen, H. J. M., Hoffmann, C., & Farsky, S. H. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1679071 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative Analysis of Mucosa-Associated and Luminal Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Kondo, T., Kondo, S., Nakayama‐Imaohji, H., Tada, A., Tabassum, N., Munyeshyaka, E., Koyano, K., Nakamura, S., Kusaka, T., & Kuwahara, T. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262110775 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jacobsen, G. E., Gonzalez-Horta, E. E., Mendygral, P. O., Faust, K. M., Hazime, H., Fernández, I., Santander, A. M., Quintero, M. A., Jiang, C., Damas, O. M., et al. (2025) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izae316 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
IgG-seq identifies immune-reactive enteric bacteria in Crohn’s disease with spondyloarthritis
Maldarelli, G. A., Metz, M. L., Oguntunmibi, S., Tran, N., Xiang, G., Lukin, D. J., Scherl, E., & Longman, R. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2464221 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wolf, M., Lange, J., Benndorf, D., Welz, L., Nikolaus, S., Siever, L. K., Tran, F., Schallert, K., Hellwig, P., Schreiber, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2025.105455 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
High-resolution analysis of the treated coeliac disease microbiome reveals strain-level variation
Slager, J., Simpson, H. L., Gaćeša, R., Chen, L., Tan, I. L., Gelderloos-Arends, J., Maatman, A., Wijmenga, C., Zhernakova, A., Fu, J., et al. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2489071 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kappel-Latif, S., Kotagiri, P., Schlager, L., Schuld, G. J., Walterskirchen, N., Schimek, V., Sewell, G. W., Binder, C., Jobst, J., Murthy, S., et al. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vega, L., Bohórquez, L., Ramírez, J. D., & Muñoz, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.918237 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wu, R. Y., Xue, M., Zhao, Q., Jeong, S., Griffiths, A. M., Dieleman, L. A., Steinhart, A. H., Aumais, G. L., Bressler, B. L., Panaccione, R., et al. (2026) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2025.12.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The dual facets of B cell immunity: From pathogenic drivers to theranostic tools
Zang, W., Peng, J., Xing, H., Huang, Y., & Lu, M. (2026) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2026.103085 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Shen, M., Gao, S., Zhu, R., Wang, W. J., Gao, W., Tao, L., Chen, W., Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Xu, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf039 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
IgG/IgM-coated gut microbiota in schizophrenia: associations with inflammation disease activity
Xu, G., Luo, R., Wu, Z., Liu, C., Liao, H., Wu, J., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1689069 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ying, Z., Tian, M., Huang, X., 平国庆, & Jiang, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1786259 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
ERMAP attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating macrophage and T cell functions
Xia, L., Pan, Y., Wang, X., Hu, R., Gao, J., Chen, W., He, K., Cui, D., Zhao, Y., Liu, L., et al. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-03840-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zulkifli, S., Nor, N. S. M., Kadir, S. H. S. A., Ranai, N. M., & Khalil, K. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306741 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
He, H.-L., Liu, Q., Zhang, G.-S., Zhou, J., Cao, S.-H., Zhong, H., Cheng, X., Mei, Z.-G., & Liu, M. (2025) · World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine · doi:10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_38_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tsang, J., Mohammadi, A., Bagherichimeh, S., Choi, Y., Fazel, A., Tevlin, E., Huibner, S., Good, S. V., Tharao, W. E., Coburn, B. A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2025.110615 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de la Hoz-Martín, M. P., González‐Fernández, J., Andreu‐Ballester, J. C., Høivik, M. L., Ricanek, P., Bruland, T., Sandvik, A. K., Cuéllar, C., & Catalán‐Serra, I. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14080769
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26725658
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25903889
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26725664
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26725652
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26725655
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26725661
Guo, H., Chen, Y., Dong, W., Lu, S., Du, Y., & Duan, L. P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25903927
Nannini, G., Giudici, F., Fink, D., Scaringi, S., Cei, F., Bertorello, S., Russo, E., Fortuna, L., Staderini, F., Cianchi, F., et al. (2026) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2026.107168
Sendra, L., Giner, F., Olivera, G. G., Herrero, M. J., Zucchet, E. G., Aliño, S. F., & Frasson, M. (2026) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18040442 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Griesbaum, M., Vogl, T., Visschedijk, M. C., Festen, E. A. M., Dijkstra, G. D. H., Weinberger, A., Segal, E., Weersma, R. K., & Bourgonje, A. R. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116828
Self-citationBeyond antibodies: Emerging roles of B cells in gastrointestinal inflammation and disease
Fujishima, M. C., Ouyang, J., Murooka, T. T., & Santer, D. M. (2026) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100390
Takahash, K., Nakayama-Imaohji, H., Tada, A., Emmanuel, M., Mino, Y., Ishikawa, H., & Kuwahara, T. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27209081
Rivera-Ruiz, D. A., Flores‐Martínez, J. J., Rosales, C., Falcón, L. I., Gaona, O., la Cruz, M. T. S.-D., & M., L. G. H. (2026) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-026-02881-5
Chen, J., Du, J., Mu, B., Zhang, J., 尚广彬, & Xiaojun, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1956353
Nomogram-Based Outcome Prediction Models in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Shao, X., Yuan, Z., Zhang, H., Tang, C., Wang, W., Tang, Y., & Lin, D. (2026) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_878_25
- Authors
- Bourgonje, A. R., Roo-Brand, G., Lisotto, P., Sadaghian Sadabad, M., Reitsema, R. D., de Goffau, M. C., Faber, K. N., Dijkstra, G., & Harmsen, H. J. M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Harmsen, Hermie J. M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-05-25
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 842911-842911
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9174456
- OpenAlex
- W4281493632
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, IgG, intestinal bacteria, gut microbiota, humoral immune response, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Veillonella, Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Coprococcus, Dorea, Ruminococcus gnavus, commensal bacteria, immune tolerance, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, fecal microbiota
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Crohn Disease, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunity, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
