Evaluation of Prognostic Factors for Clinical Pregnancy Rate Following Artificial Insemination by Husband in the Chinese Population
Open accessAbstract
Background: To determine the independent prognostic factors and develop a multivariate logistic regression model for predicting successful pregnancy following artificial insemination by husband (AIH) in infertile Chinese couples. Methods: A total of 3,015 AIH cycles with superovulation from 1,853 infertile Chinese couples were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics and sperm parameters were compared between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to remove the confounding factors and create an equation to predict the successful pregnancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for evaluating the abilities for prognostic classification of the independent predictors and the equation. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 13.0%. The pregnancy rate of double intrauterine insemination (IUI) (18.9%) was significantly higher than that of single IUI (11.4%). The pregnancy rate of the stimulated cycle (14.4%) was significantly higher than that of the natural cycle (9.0%). The pregnancy rates of the age groups <40 years are ~3 times higher than that of the ≥40 years age group. Among sperm parameters, the influencing factors included straight-line velocity (VSL), sperm deformity index (SDI), and normal form rate (all P < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression equation was created based on the above influencing factors. ROC analysis showed that the prognostic power of the equation is better than those of individual predictors. Conclusion: Cycle treatment options, single/double IUI, female age, sperm VSL, SDI, and normal form rate could predict successful pregnancy following AIH in China. The multivariate logistic regression equation exhibited a greater value for prognostic classification than single predictors.
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Luo et al. showed after multivariate analysis that sperm morphology had an impact on pregnancy rate with an odds ratio of 1.238 (p = 0.006) when sperm morphology was normal.
“The recent study by Luo et al. of more than 3000 cycles showed after multivariate analysis that sperm morphology had an impact on pregnancy rate with an odds ratio of 1.238 (p = 0.006) when sperm morphology was normal [84].”
From Recommendations for Human Sperm Morphology Assessment in 2025: An Expert Review From the French BLEFCO Group (2026) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Luo, Y., Wu, S., Yuan, J., Zhou, H., Zhong, Y., Zhang, M., Li, Q., Xu, X., Sun, X., & Zhu, D.
- Affiliations
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
- Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Luo, Yumei
- Zhu, Detu
- Venue
- Frontiers in Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-05-10
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 638560-638560
- ISSN
- 2296-858X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8141639
- OpenAlex
- W3161177911
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Guangzhou Medical University (110217103, 81401206)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002774, 81401206)
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Keywords
- artificial insemination by husband, clinical pregnancy rate, prognostic factors, male infertility, superovulation, intrauterine insemination, double insemination, maternal age, semen parameters, Chinese couples
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