The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improving End-User Trust in the Quality of Commercial Probiotic Products
Open accessAbstract
In a rapidly growing global probiotic market, end-users have difficulty distinguishing between high quality and poor quality products. This ambiguity threatens the trust consumers and healthcare providers have in probiotic products. To address this problem, we recommend that companies undergo third-party evaluations to certify probiotic quality and label accuracy. In order to communicate about product quality to end-users, indication of certification on product labels is helpful, although not all manufacturers choose to use this approach. Herein we discuss: third-party certification, the process of setting standards for identity, purity, and quantification of probiotics; some emerging methodologies useful for quality assessment; and some technical challenges unique to managing quality of live microbial products. This review provides insights of an Expert Panel engaged in this process and aims to update the reader on relevant current scientific methodologies. Establishing validated methodologies for all aspects of quality assessment is an essential component of this process and can be facilitated by established organizations, such as United States Pharmacopeia. Emerging methodologies including whole genome sequencing and flow cytometry are poised to play important roles in these processes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hill (2014) · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 · Cited by 9,592
Self-citationWalker, B. J., Abeel, T., Shea, T., Priest, M., Abouelliel, A., Sakthikumar, S., Cuomo, C. A., Zeng, Q., Wortman, J. R., Young, S., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112963 · Cited by 9,130
Canu: scalable and accurate long-read assembly via adaptive k -mer weighting and repeat separationPreprint
Koren, S., Walenz, B. P., Berlin, K., Miller, J. R., Bergman, N. H., & Phillippy, A. M. (2017) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.215087.116 · Cited by 7,260
Mauve: Multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements
Darling, A. C. E., Mau, B., Blattner, F. R., & Perna, N. T. (2004) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.2289704 · Cited by 4,949
MUMmer4: A fast and versatile genome alignment system
Marçais, G., Delcher, A. L., Phillippy, A. M., Coston, R., Salzberg, S. L., & Zimin, A. (2018) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005944 · Cited by 2,484
Microbial seed banks: the ecological and evolutionary implications of dormancy
Lennon, J. T., & Jones, S. E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2504 · Cited by 1,935
Nocker, A., Cheung, C.-Y., & Camper, A. K. (2006) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2006.04.015 · Cited by 1,077
The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria.
Oliver, J. D. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 989
LPSN – List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (bacterio.net), 20 years on
Parte, A. C. (2018) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002786 · Cited by 871
Use of Propidium Monoazide for Live/Dead Distinction in Microbial Ecology
Nocker, A., Sossa-Fernandez, P., Burr, M. D., & Camper, A. K. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02987-06 · Cited by 580
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- 2017, Best Practices Guidelines for Probiotics.
- 2018, Ph. Eur. Supplement 9.7 Available Now (27 September 2018).
- 2002, Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food.
- Probiotics Dietary Supplements Market Anallysis by Application (Food Supplements, Nutritional Supplements, Specialty Nutrients, Infant Formula), by Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, CSA), and Segment Forecasts 2018-2025. Report Number GRV-1-68038-395-5.
- Probiotics Ingredient Market Analysis by Ingredient (Bacteria (Lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus), Yeast, Spore Formers), by End User (Human, Animal), Competitive Landscape, and Segment Forecast 2018-2025. Report Number GRV-1-68038-395-9.
- Greve, 2017, P05-045: Detection of Listeria in probiotic cultures., Paper Presented at the IFT 2017 Annual Meeting 25-28 June 2017
- 2005, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1).
- 1995, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results – Part 6: Use in Practice of Accuracy Values. ISO 5725-6:1995.
- 2003, Yogurt – Enumeration of Characteristic Microorganisms – Colony-Count Technique at 37 Degrees C. ISO 7889:2003 (IDF 117:2003).
- 2006, Milk Products – Enumeration of Presumptive Lactobacillus acidophilus on a Selective Medium – Colony-Count Technique at 37 Degrees C. ISO 20128:2006 (IDF 192:2006).
- 2010, Milk Products – Enumeration of Presumptive Bifidobacteria – Colony Count Technique at 37 Degrees C. ISO 29981:2010 (IDF 220:2010).
- 2017, Probiotics Market by Application (Functional Food and Beverages [Dairy, Non-Dairy Beverages, Baked Goods, Meat, Cereal], Dietary Supplements, Animal Feed), Source [Bacteria, Yeast], Form [Dry, Liquid], End User [Human, Animal], and Region – Forecast to 2022. Report code: FB 2269.
- Schoeni, 2015, “Probiotics,” in, Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods, 232
- Shannon, 2017, P3-191: Detection of Salmonella in probiotic cutures., Paper Presented at the IAFP Annual Meeting, 9-12 July 2017
- Staley, 1984, “Classification of prokaryote organisms: an overview,” in, Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1
- 1994, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Public Law 103-417.
- 2017, Chapter 8.10: Isolation and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes From Red Meat, Poultry, Ready-to-Eat Siluriformes (Fish), and Egg Products, and Environmental Samples. In Microbiological Laboratory Guidebook.
- 1997, HACCP Principles & Application Guidelines.
- 2007, 21 CFR Part 111: Current Good Manufacturing Practices in Manufacturing, Packaging, Labeling, or Holding Operations for Dietary Supplements.
- 2016, Early Clinical Trials With Live Biotherapeutic Products: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Information Guidance for Industry.
- Chapter 5: Salmonella. In Bacteriological Analytical Manual.
- Draft Guidance: Policy Regarding Quantitative Labeling of Dietary Supplements Containing Live Microbials: Guidance for Industry.
- 2013, General Chapters, Dietary Supplements, <2021> Microbial Enumeration Tests—Nutritional and Dietary Supplements. USP41-NF36.
- 2019, General Tests and Assays: Probiotic Tests <64>. In USP42-NF37 First Supplement.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Swanson, K. S., Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Reimer, R. A., Reid, G., Verbeke, K., Scott, K. P., Holscher, H. D., Azad, M. B., Delzenne, N. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2 · Cited by 2,196
Self-citationProbiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic
Sanders, M. E., Merenstein, D. J., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., & Rastall, R. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0173-3 · Cited by 2,059
Self-citationShaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics
Cunningham, M., Azcarate-Peril, M. A., Barnard, A., Benoit, V., Grimaldi, R., Guyonnet, D., Holscher, H. D., Hunter, K., Manurung, S., Obis, D., et al. (2021) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.003 · Cited by 637
Criteria to Qualify Microorganisms as “Probiotic” in Foods and Dietary Supplements
Binda, S., Hill, C., Johansen, E., Obis, D., Pot, B., Sanders, M. E., Tremblay, A., & Ouwehand, A. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01662 · Cited by 562
Self-citationEmerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives
Merenstein, D., Pot, B., Leyer, G., Ouwehand, A. C., Preidis, G. A., Elkins, C. A., Hill, C., Lewis, Z. T., Shane, A. L., Zmora, N., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034 · Cited by 481
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Jackson, S. A., Schoeni, J. L., Vegge, C., Pane, M., Stahl, B., Bradley, M., Goldman, V. S., Burguière, P., Atwater, J. B., & Sanders, M. E.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Eurofins (United States) (US)
- Chr. Hansen (Denmark) (DK)
- DuPont (United States) (US)
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, Mary Ellen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-04-17
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 739-739
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6499161
- OpenAlex
- W2936341475
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Keywords
- probiotics, third-party certification, consumer trust, product labeling, United States Pharmacopoeia, whole genome sequencing, flow cytometry, quality standards
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
