Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease
Open accessAbstract
IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune responses. IL-6 is released in the innate immune response by leukocytes as well as stromal cells upon pattern recognition receptor activation. IL-6 then recruits immune cells and triggers B and T cell response. Dysregulated IL-6 activity is associated with pathologies involving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, including atherosclerosis. However, IL-6 is also produced and released under beneficial conditions, such as exercise, where IL-6 is associated with the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects coupled with physical adaptation to intense training. Exercise-associated IL-6 acts on adipose tissue to induce lipogenesis and on arteries to induce adaptative vascular remodeling. These divergent actions could be explained by complex signaling networks. Classical IL-6 signaling involves a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), while trans-signaling relies on a soluble version of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and membrane-bound gp130. Trans-signaling, but not the classical pathway, is regulated by soluble gp130. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in IL-6 cytokine and myokine signaling to explain the differential and opposite effects of this protein during inflammation and exercise, with a special focus on the vascular system.
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In APOE3Ch, IPA analysis indicated activation of anti-angiogenic IL-12 signaling and predicted inactivation of IL-6.
“In APOE3Ch , IPA analysis indicated activation of anti‐angiogenic IL‐12 signaling, 47 along with predicted inactivation of IL‐6, an upstream regulator associated with inflammation, vascular activation, and coagulation. 48”
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ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЗАПАЛЬНИХ ЦИТОКІНІВ (IL-6 І TNF-α) У ДІТЕЙ ІЗ COVID-19
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- Authors
- Villar-Fincheira, P., Sanhueza-Olivares, F., Norambuena-Soto, I., Cancino-Arenas, N., Hernandez-Vargas, F., Troncoso, R., Gabrielli, L., & Chiong, M.
- Affiliations
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (CL)
- University of Chile (CL)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
- Corresponding author
- Gabrielli, Luigi
- Chiong, Mario
- Venue
- Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-03-16
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 641734-641734
- ISSN
- 2296-889X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8004548
- OpenAlex
- W3139260880
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (1170963, 15130011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, vascular health, vascular disease, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, physical activity, myokines, IL-6 signaling, trans-signaling, soluble IL-6 receptor, gp130, adipose tissue lipogenesis, vascular remodeling, innate and adaptive immunity
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