Immune Cell Activation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The contribution of the immune system to its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Methods: In this study, we performed comprehensive immune cell profiling in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) of PD patients. Ten PD patients were diagnosed according to brain bank criteria and underwent detailed clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, PB and CSF immune cell profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry, and cytokine and chemokine measurements by bead-based arrays. Thirteen healthy elderly volunteers served as control population. Results: The proportions of activated T-lymphocytes and nonclassical monocytes in the CSF were increased in patients with PD compared to the control group. In accordance, we found increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα and of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the CSF of the included PD patients. Conclusions: Our data provide novel evidence for a response of the innate and adaptive immune system in the central nervous system of patients with PD.
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Elevated levels of cytokines (IL1β, IL2, IL6, IFNγ, TNFα) and CD4+ lymphocytes have been detected in both serum and CSF of PD patients.
“Elevated levels of cytokines (including IL1β, IL2, IL6, IFNγ, and TNFα) and CD4+ lymphocytes have been detected in both serum and CSF of PD patients.”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [222]
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- Authors
- Schröder, J. B., Pawlowski, M., Meyer zu Hörste, G., Gross, C. C., Wiendl, H., Meuth, S. G., Ruck, T., & Warnecke, T.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Warnecke, Tobias
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neurology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-12-18
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 1081-1081
- ISSN
- 1664-2295 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6305582
- OpenAlex
- W2903888966
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- URN:NBN Resolver for Germany & Switzerland (German National Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, cerebrospinal fluid, immune cell activation, T cells, non-classical monocytes, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, TNF-α, interleukin-2, MCP-1, chemokines, innate and adaptive immunity, neuroinflammation
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