Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A target for neuroprotection?

Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

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Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains

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CYCLOOXYGENASES 1 AND 2

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A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1βprocessing in monocytes

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Systemic LPS causes chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration

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Inside the Neutrophil Phagosome: Oxidants, Myeloperoxidase, and Bacterial Killing

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Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: Multiple triggers with a common mechanism

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Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-β peptide: a case report

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Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease

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In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

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Blockade of Microglial Activation Is Neuroprotective in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease

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Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease

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Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism

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Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors α and γ Are Activated by Indomethacin and Other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

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Mechanism of Toxicity in Rotenone Models of Parkinson's Disease

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Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease

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Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients

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Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients

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Microglial activation and dopamine terminal loss in early Parkinson's disease

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A meta‐analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease

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Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients

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Distribution of major histocompatibility complex class II-positive microglia and cytokine profile of Parkinson's disease brains

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Minocycline Prevents Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease

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Microglial-produced nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxides mediate neuronal cell death

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Formation of reactive nitrogen species during peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of nitrite

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Cyclooxygenase-2 is instrumental in Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration

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Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injury

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NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease

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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Parkinson Disease

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Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal vulnerability in parkinson's disease

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Immunocytochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease

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Effects of α-Synuclein Immunization in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

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Cholinergic modulation of microglial activation by α7 nicotinic receptors

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Inflammation and the Degenerative Diseases of Aging

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Inflammatory Regulators in Parkinson's Disease: iNOS, Lipocortin-1, and Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2

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NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: Epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies

McGeer, P. L., & McGeer, E. G. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.013 · Cited by 498 · see citing works

Synuclein activates microglia in a model of Parkinson's disease

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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease

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Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson's disease

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A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease

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The Role of Glial Reaction and Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease

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Minocycline and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Selective inhibition of NF-κB activation prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

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Neuroinflammation and Oxidation/Nitration of α-Synuclein Linked to Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

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Glial pathology but absence of apoptotic nigral neurons in long‐standing Parkinson's disease

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JNK-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase 2 is required for neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

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Neuroprotective activities of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease

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Inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nitration following exposure to peroxynitrite and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

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Presence of reactive microglia in monkey substantia nigra years after 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine administration

McGeer, P. L., Schwab, C., Parent, A., & Doudet, D. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10728 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

The Single Intranigral Injection of LPS as a New Model for Studying the Selective Effects of Inflammatory Reactions on Dopaminergic System

Herrera, A. J., Castaño, A., Venero, J. L., Cano, J., & Machado, A. (2000) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2000.0289 · Cited by 392 · see citing works

Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease correlates with IκBα induction and block of NFκB and iNOS activation

Dehmer, T., Heneka, M. T., Sastre, M., DICHGANS, J., & Schulz, J. B. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02210.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works

The Inflammatory Reaction Following 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Intoxication in Mouse

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Protective action of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Breidert, T., Callebert, J., Heneka, M. T., Landreth, G. E., Launay, J., & Hirsch, É. C. (2002) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00990.x · Cited by 375 · see citing works

FcεRII/CD23 Is Expressed in Parkinson’s Disease and Induces,In Vitro,Production of Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Glial Cells

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Mice deficient in TNF receptors are protected against dopaminergic neurotoxicity: Implications for Parkinson's disease

Sriram, K., Matheson, J. M., Benkovic, S. A., Miller, D. B., Luster, M. I., & O'Callaghan, J. P. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0216fje · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Nitrated α–Synuclein Immunity Accelerates Degeneration of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons

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Neuroinflammation mediated by IL-1β increases susceptibility of dopamine neurons to degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease

Koprich, J. B., Reske-Nielsen, C., Mithal, P., & Isacson, O. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-8 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Blocking Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling with Dominant-Negative Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Attenuates Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in Models of Parkinson's Disease

McCoy, M. K., Martinez, T. N., Ruhn, K. A., Szymkowski, D. E., Smith, C. G., Botterman, B. R., Tansey, K. E., & Tansey, M. G. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1504-06.2006 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and protects nigral cells after 6-hydroxydopamine injection into mouse striatum

He, Y., Appel, S. H., & Le, W. (2001) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02681-6 · Cited by 350 · see citing works

Activation of microglia by human neuromelanin is NF‐κB‐dependent and involves p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase: implications for Parkinson's disease

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Alterations of T-lymphocyte populations in Parkinson disease

Baba, Y., Kuroiwa, A., Uitti, R. J., Wszolek, Z. K., & Yamada, T. (2005) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.07.005 · Cited by 336 · see citing works

Central and systemic IL-1 exacerbates neurodegeneration and motor symptoms in a model of Parkinson’s disease

Pott Godoy, M. C., Tarelli, R., Ferrari, C. C., Sarchi, M. I., & Pitossi, F. J. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn101 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

The absence of reactive astrocytosis is indicative of a unique inflammatory process in Parkinson's disease

Mirza, B., Hadberg, H., Thomsen, P., & Moos, T. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00455-8 · Cited by 327 · see citing works

Association of circulating TNF-α and IL-6 with ageing and parkinsonism

Dobbs, R. J., Charlett, A., Purkiss, A. G., Dobbs, S. M., Weller, C., & Peterson, D. W. (1999) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1999.tb00721.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Smoking, nicotine and Parkinson's disease

Quik, M. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.06.008 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Inflammation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal system

Hunter, R. L., Dragicevic, N., Seifert, K., Choi, D. Y., Liu, M., Kim, H., Cass, W. A., Sullivan, P. G., & Bing, G. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04327.x · Cited by 322 · see citing works

Therapeutic immunization protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Benner, E. J., Mosley, R. L., Destache, C. J., Lewis, T. B., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Gorantla, S., Nemachek, C., Green, S. R., Przedborski, S., & Gendelman, H. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400569101 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Parkinson's Disease

Chen, H., O'Reilly, E. J., Schwarzschild, M. A., & Ascherio, A. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm260 · Cited by 317 · see citing works

Involvement of Interferon-γ in Microglial-Mediated Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons

Mount, M. P., Lira, A., Grimes, D., Smith, P. D., Faucher, S., Slack, R. S., Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Park, D. S. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5321-06.2007 · Cited by 316 · see citing works

Mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 fails to delay disability in early Parkinson disease

The Parkinson Study Group PRECEPT Investigators (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000277648.63931.c0 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Ablation of the Inflammatory Enzyme Myeloperoxidase Mitigates Features of Parkinson's Disease in Mice

Choi, D., Pennathur, S., Perier, C., Tieu, K., Teismann, P., Wu, D.-C., Jackson-Lewis, V. R., Vila, M., Vonsattel, J., Heinecke, J. W., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0970-05.2005 · Cited by 284 · see citing works

Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from Parkinsonian brain

Mogi, M., Togari, A., Kondo, T., Mizuno, Y., Komure, O., Kuno, S., Ichinose, H., & Nagatsu, T. (2000) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050028 · Cited by 283 · see citing works

Fas ligand/Fas system in the brain: regulator of immune and apoptotic responses

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CEP-1347/KT-7515, an Inhibitor of c-jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation, Attenuates the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl Tetrahydropyridine-Mediated Loss of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo

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Parkin Deficiency Increases Vulnerability to Inflammation-Related Nigral Degeneration

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Higher frequency of regulatory T cells in the elderly and increased suppressive activity in neurodegeneration

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Annonacin, a lipophilic inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, induces nigral and striatal neurodegeneration in rats: possible relevance for atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe

Champy, P., Höglinger, G. U., Féger, J., Gleye, C., Hocquemiller, R., Laurens, A., Guérineau, V., Laprévôte, O., Medja, F., Lombès, A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02138.x · Cited by 254 · see citing works

Lymphocyte populations in Parkinson's disease and in rat models of parkinsonism

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Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by nicotine selectively up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in rat microglial cultures.

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p53 protein, interferon-γ, and NF-κB levels are elevated in the parkinsonian brain

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