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Atypical Flexibility in Dynamic Functional Connectivity Quantifies the Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analyses have shown atypical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to typically developing (TD). However, this view emerges from investigating static FC overlooking the whole brain transient connectivity patterns. In our study, we investigated how age and disease influence the dynamic changes in functional connectivity of TD and ASD. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data stratified into three cohorts: children (7-11 years), adolescents (12-17 years), and adults (18+ years) for the analysis. The dynamic variability in the connection strength and the modular organization in terms of measures such as flexiblity, cohesion strength, and disjointness were explored for each subject to characterize the differences between ASD and TD. In ASD, we observed significantly higher inter-subject dynamic variability in connection strength as compared to TD. This hyper-variability relates to the symptom severity in ASD. We also found that whole-brain flexibility correlates with static modularity only in TD. Further, we observed a core-periphery organization in the resting-state, with Sensorimotor and Visual regions in the rigid core; and DMN and attention areas in the flexible periphery. TD also develops a more cohesive organization of sensorimotor areas. However, in ASD we found a strong positive correlation of symptom severity with flexibility of rigid areas and with disjointness of sensorimotor areas. The regions of the brain showing high predictive power of symptom severity were distributed across the cortex, with stronger bearings in the frontal, motor, and occipital cortices. Our study demonstrates that the dynamic framework best characterizes the variability in ASD.
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“The only study to stratify participants into child, adolescent, and adult groups found evidence for greater hyper-variability of short-range functional connections that distinguished adolescents with ASD (121).”
From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
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- Harlalka, Atypical flexibility in dynamic functional connectivity quantifies the severity in autism spectrum disorder, bioXriv, 10.1101/387886 · DOI
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Items 101–108 of 108
Gao, D., Yang, G., Shen, J., Wu, F., & Ji, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2024.1478193
Ge, Y., Pretzsch, C. M., Fenn‐Moltu, S., Dimitrov, M., Voinescu, B., Ivin, G., Lythgoe, D. J., Puts, N. A. J., Daly, E., Murphy, D., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7723564/v1
Piriyasatit, S., Yuan, C., & Kuruoğlu, E. E. (2025) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228740
Yu, X., Zhao, N., Liu, Y., Zheng, S., Luo, D., Qianji, C., Zeng, F., Chen, J., Jia, Y., & Zou, Y. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70955
Yue, Z., Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Guan, L., Yin, S., Fang, H., & Ke, X. (2026) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-026-00728-x
Eltalkhawy, M., Barakat, A. K., Abdelaal, O. A., Alherz, N. T., Almasalma, R. K., Elshahhat, M. H., Daif, M., Isa, S. A. M., & Wafa, M. A. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-026-07358-5
Network flexibility facilitates treatment-induced recovery in post-stroke aphasia
Falconer, I., Varkanitsa, M., Billot, A., & Kiran, S. (2026) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag279
Metadata
- Authors
- Harlalka, V., Bapi, R. S., Vinod, P. K., & Roy, D.
- Affiliations
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IN)
- University of Hyderabad (IN)
- National Brain Research Centre (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Vinod, P. K.
- Roy, Dipanjan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-02-01
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 6-6
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6367662
- OpenAlex
- W2952965410
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 7.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (SR/CSRI/21/2016)
- Science and Engineering Research Board (ECR/2016/000488)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, dynamic functional connectivity, network flexibility, symptom severity, brain modularity, dynamic variability, resting-state functional connectivity, sensorimotor regions, default mode network, age differences
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