Cited by 525Cognitive Abilities and TestingHealth disparities and outcomesChild Abuse and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Socioeconomic status and structural brain development

Open access

Brito, Natalie H., Noble, Kimberly G.·2014·Frontiers in Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnins.2014.00276PMC PMC4155174

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have made accessible new ways of disentangling the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that influence structural brain development. In recent years, research investigating associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development have found significant links between SES and changes in brain structure, especially in areas related to memory, executive control, and emotion. This review focuses on studies examining links between structural brain development and SES disparities of the magnitude typically found in developing countries. We highlight how highly correlated measures of SES are differentially related to structural changes within the brain.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fnins.2014.00276

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1 Hypothesized mechanisms by which SES operates to influence structural and functional brain development.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989
Socioeconomic status and child development
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · Cited by 5,484
Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, White women.
Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.6.586 · Cited by 5,080
Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children
Panagos, R. J. (1998) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193259801900609 · Cited by 4,183
Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development
McLoyd, V. C. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.185 · Cited by 3,763
The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes.
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309 · Cited by 3,550
The effects of poverty on children.
Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. J. (1997) · The Future of Children · doi:10.2307/1602387 · Cited by 2,837
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
The specificity of environmental influence: socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech.
Hoff, E. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00612 · Cited by 2,346
Mapping cortical change across the human life span
Sowell, E. R., Peterson, B. S., Thompson, P. M., Welcome, S. E., Henkenius, A. L., & Toga, A. W. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1008 · Cited by 2,328

Show all 69 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 524

Associations Between Executive Functions and Mathematics Across the First Three Years of Elementary School: Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis
Alkhadim, G. S. (2018) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Perfil neuropsicológico de funções cognitivas percepto-motoras e executivas como fenótipos de crianças com Fissura Labiopalatina, numa relação clínico-anátomo-funcional
Bodoni, P. S. B. (2019) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.61.2019.tde-05062019-153319
The Young Child’s Cognition
Urlings, C. C. (2020) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20201030cu · Cited by 1
Socioeconomic status and its association with childhood development among children 3 and 4 years of age in Sierra Leone
Jawara, J. (2020) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Brain Structure in Adulthood
Dufford, A. J. (2020) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
SOCIOECONOMIC AND NEUROANATOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE IN CHILDREN BORN VERY PRETERM AT PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL AGE
Avila-Rieger, R. (2020) · UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)
Association between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Executive System Activation in YouthPreprint
Murtha, K., Larsen, B., Pines, A., Parkes, L., Moore, T. M., Adebimpe, A., Alexander-Bloch, A., Calkins, M., Davila, D., Lindquist, M., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.454903
Home literacy environment mediates the relationship between socioeconomic status and white matter structure in infantsPreprint
Turesky, T. K., Sanfilippo, J. S., Zuk, J., Ahtam, B., Gagoski, B. A., Lee, A., Garrisi, K., Dunstan, J., Carruthers, C., Vanderauwera, J., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.13.468500
Efeito do treinamento Cogmed em hipertensos com déficit cognitivo: um estudo clínico randomizado
Paradela, R. S. (2021) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2021.tde-09112021-131220 · Cited by 1
Practical ship stability for beginners
Green, G. A. (1939) · Brown, Son & Ferguson eBooks
Desigualdades / Inequalities
Carvalho, M. J. L., Gomes, S., & Duarte, V. (2021) · UMinho Editora eBooks · doi:10.21814/uminho.ed.36.24
Comparison of Machine Learning Analysis on Predictive Factors of Children’s Planning-Organizing Executive Function by Income Level: Through Home Environment Quality and Wealth Factors
Lim, H.-K., Kim, H.-O., & Park, H.-S. (2021) · Journal of people, plants, and environment · doi:10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.6.651
Social Disadvantage, Gene Expression, Stress and Depressive SymptomsPreprint
Gaye, A., Abbas, M., Goodney, G. A., Quarells, R. C., DeRoo, L. A., Gibbons, G. H., & Davis, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4060367
Blood-derived DNA methylation clusters associate with adverse social exposures and endophenotypes of stress-related psychiatric illness in a trauma-exposed cohort of womenPreprint
Pfeiffer, J., van Rooij, S. J. H., Mekawi, Y., Fani, N., Jovanović, T., Michopoulos, V., Smith, A. K., Stevens, J. S., & Uddin, M. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.22272373
A Cultural Neuroscience Perspective on Socioeconomic Disparities in Global Mental Health
Alvarez, G., & Muscatell, K. A. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190057695.013.30
References
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805371-3.16001-7
Introduction
Baum, F. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190258948.003.0001
Developmental Cost of Being Asian but Living in the United States: Diminished Returns of Household Income on Cortical Surface Area in 9-10 Year Old Children
Assari, S., & Lee, A. (2022) · International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health · doi:10.34172/ijtmgh.2022.04
Parental education influences reading but not rhythm matching in childrenPreprint
Solórzano-Restrepo, J., Thakkar, V. J., Engelhart, A. S., & Centanni, T. M. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8ybuj
Dialogue with Latin American Teachers: Beliefs About Neuroscience and Education
García, A. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06908-6_3
Higher socioeconomic status strengthens confidence facing the COVID-19 pandemic for the males rather than females: the predictive role of left hippocampusPreprint
Zhang, R., Chen, Z., Zhao, W., Feng, P., Zhou, F., & Feng, T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2003812/v1
Copyright Page
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0003
Childhood Harm and Its Shadow
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0003
Adulthood Harm and Its Shadow
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0004
Transformative Corrections
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0009
Notes
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0008
Harm
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0002
Supply of Behavioral Health Treatment
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0007
Epigraph
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0005
Permission Credits
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0011
Victimization Inside Prison
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0005
Demand for Behavioral Health Treatment
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0006
Preface
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0007
Dedication
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.002.0004
The Curse
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0001
A Community-Engagement Strategy for Harm Recovery in Correctional Settings
Wolff, N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197653135.003.0008
Characterization of Non-Human Primate cortical development with prenatal insights.Preprint
Ramirez, J. S. B., Hermosillo, R. J. M., Thomas, E., Zhu, J. Y., Sturgeon, D., Schifsky, E., Galassi, A., Thompson, J., Bagley, J., Carpenter, S. H., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2432138/v1
Bilingual cognitive differences within the context of socioeconomic status
Brito, N. H. (2023) · Studies in bilingualism · doi:10.1075/sibil.64.06bri
Self-citation
La influencia de la edad en el desarrollo de las Funciones Ejecutivas
Fajardo, M. D. L. Á., & Domínguez, N. V. T. (2021) · Revista de Investigación de la Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas · doi:10.57247/riec.vi4.72
Environmental Experiences and Cognitive Outcomes are Predicted by Resting-State Eeg in School-Aged ChildrenPreprint
Schneider, J. M., Kim, J., Poudel, S., Lee, Y., & Maguire, M. J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4591520
Origins of Individual Differences in Social Behavior and the Social Brain
Cho, I., & Sul, S. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974325.016
An Individual’s Cognitive Aging with Others: Key Findings, Issues, and Implications
Chey, J. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974325.013
Mapping the shared and unique structural asymmetry abnormalities of young children with autism and developmental delay/intellectual disability with normative models and their multimodal cascadePreprint
Geng, S., Dai, Y., Rolls, E. T., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Deng, L., Chen, Z., Feng, J., Li, F. R., & Cao, M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.10.571041
Opportunities to Discuss Diversity-Related Topics in Neuroscience Courses
Schreiber, W. B., & Robinson-Drummer, P. A. (2022) · Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education · doi:10.59390/aoin4016
Motivation and Introduction
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0001
Real-life Cases and the Link between Needs, Ideology, and Conflict
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0010 · Cited by 1
Right, Left, and Religious Ideologies
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0007
From Individual Psychological Needs to Social and Political Conflicts
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0002
Extremist Organizations
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0008
Notes
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.002.0007
Relational Needs and Need Deprivation
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0004
Copyright Page
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.002.0004
Fundamental (Psychological) Human Needs
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0003
Agency Needs and Need Deprivation
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0005 · Cited by 1
Extremist Organizations
Müller, V., & Gries, T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670187.003.0009
Family Environment Modulates Linkage of Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Phenotypes and Dissociable Brain Features in the Developing Brain
Huang, X., Gao, L., Xiao, J., Li, L., Shan, X., Chen, H., Chai, X. J., & Duan, X. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.003
Nivel económico-social familiar, escolar y contexto alfabetizador hogareño
Ferroni, M. (2022) · Aletheia Revista de Desarrollo Humano Educativo y Social Contemporáneo · doi:10.11600/ale.v14i1.676 · Cited by 1
Becoming Connected - Adolescent Social-Cognitive Development in the Peer Context
Hollarek, M. (2024) · doi:10.5463/thesis.492
About the Author
Baum, F. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190258948.002.0007
Copyright Page
Baum, F. E. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190258948.002.0003
Is socio-economic status a priviledge anymore? A new explanation of this question
Coşkun, K., Kara, C., & Coskun, M. (2024) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-024-00902-z
Copyright Page
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.002.0003
Appendix
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.005.0001
Preface
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.002.0005
Advance praise
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.002.0001
Notes
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.002.0008
Social determinants of brain health & brain changes across the human lifespan
Wig, G. S., Chan, M. Y., & Nguyen, L. T. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00097-8
Effect of age of first exposure on L2 contextual lexical semantic learning: an ERP investigation
Shuang, X., Wang, H., Li, S., & Ouyang, G. (2024) · Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/langcog.2024.29
Notes
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.002.0008
Data and Methods
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.005.0004
Conclusion: Where Have We Been, and Where Should We Go Now?
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0007
Who Are These Mothers?
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0002
From Moynihan to Piketty
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0004
Thirty-Nine Years of Counting Change
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0006
Thanks for Nothing
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.001.0001
Introduction
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0001
Preface
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.002.0006
Counting Change
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0003
Thirty-Nine Years in the Lives of Mothers
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.003.0005
Copyright Page
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.002.0003
Dedication
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.002.0004
On Moynihan, the Enduring Fallout from his 1965 Report, and the Implications for Studying Single Motherhood
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.005.0002
The Equivalence of Equivalence Scales
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.005.0003
Explaining the Growth of Single Motherhood
Wolfinger, N. H., & McKeever, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199324323.005.0001
Community
Rajaprakash, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824060-1.00012-2
A Dynamic Relational Ontology and Its Implications for Epistemology
Santos, G. C. (2024) · Relational economics and organization governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75725-9_10
Cingulate Gyrus Volume as a Mediator of the Social Gradient in Cognitive Function
Assari, S., & Zare, H. (2025) · Journal of cellular neuroscience · doi:10.31586/jcn.2025.1139
Socioeconomic status and economic hardship attenuated the associations between early tobacco or nicotine use and brain outcomes in preadolescent children
Rivera, P. J. R., Menken, M. S., Chan, W., Isaiah, A., Ryan, M. C., Cloak, C. C., Ernst, T., & Chang, L. (2025) · NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1515/nipt-2024-0022 · Cited by 1
Anxiety, brain structure and socioeconomic status in middle-aged and older adultsPreprint
Johns, S., Lea‐Carnall, C., Shryane, N. M., & Maharani, A. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.14.25325776
Restrained Eating Features and Brain Morphology: A Pediatric Population‐Based Study
Steegers, C. P. M., Deen, M., Jansen, P. W., White, T. J. H., Bracké, K. F. M., Hillegers, M. H. J., & Dieleman, G. C. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24445
Intergenerational Enlargement of Human Organs as a Driver of Increased Cancer Risk?
Koufaris, C., & Nicolaidou, V. (2025) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.70024
Adversidades no período intrauterino e neonatal interferem na inteligência?
Lima, J. F. D. B., Batista, R. F. L., Aristizábal, L. Y. G., Ribeiro, C. C. C., Simões, V. M. F., & da Sílva, A. A. M. (2025) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2025059006206
The Added Value of Neuro-informed Assessment of Externalizing Behavior Problems: A Prospective Population-Based Neuroimaging StudyPreprint
van Dongen, J. D. M., Haveman, Y. R. A., Slob, E. A. W., Muetzel, R. L., & Bolhuis, K. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6906172/v1 · Cited by 1
Relation of sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and hydroxyurea use to neurocognitive function in youth living with sickle cell disease
Tucker, T., Reddy, K., Alishlash, A. S., Mrug, S., Lebensburger, J. D., Thomas, S. J., Guest, K. C., & Murdaugh, D. L. (2025) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaf201
Early-life family socioeconomic and educational impacts on adult EEG and behavioral signatures of visual cognitive function
Mao, S., Zhang, X., & Zhang, F. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-62347-z
ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO: AVANÇOS LEGAIS E DESAFIOS NO CONTEXTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL
Vieira, D. D. F. B., & Jesus, E. M. (2025) · Aracê. · doi:10.56238/arev7n10-169
Exploring clients’ experiences of disclosing childhood adversity to mental health professionals
McLaren, K., & Read, J. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100256
Epilogue: Sedentary Minds in a Digital Age: The Hidden Costs of Modern Comfort
Biesalski, H. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99121-9_16
Importance of Micronutrients for Brain Development
Biesalski, H. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99121-9_13
The longitudinal interplay of print exposure and auditory brain responses in the prediction of reading skills
Tretow, A., Khanolainen, D. P., Hämäläinen, J. A., Torppa, M., & Leppänen, P. H. T. (2025) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105671

Authors: Brito, N. H., & Noble, K. G.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Brito, Natalie H.
Noble, Kimberly G.
ORCID: Brito, Natalie H.
Noble, Kimberly G.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2014-09-04
Volume: 8
Pages: 276-276
ISSN: 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00276
PMC: PMC4155174
OpenAlex: W2031779126
Cited by: 525
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13
FWCI: 29.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: socioeconomic status, structural brain development, brain structure, socioeconomic disparities, developing countries, gene-environment interaction, memory, executive function, emotions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Socioeconomic status and structural brain development

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks