The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II in Mediating Function and Dysfunction at Glutamatergic Synapses
Abstract
Glutamatergic synapses harbor abundant amounts of the multifunctional Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII). Both in the postsynaptic density as well as in the cytosolic compartment of postsynaptic terminals, CaMKII plays major roles. In addition to its Ca 2+ -stimulated kinase activity, it can also bind to a variety of membrane proteins at the synapse and thus exert spatially restricted activity. The abundance of CaMKII in glutamatergic synapse is akin to scaffolding proteins although its prominent function still appears to be that of a kinase. The multimeric structure of CaMKII also confers several functional capabilities on the enzyme. The versatility of the enzyme has prompted hypotheses proposing several roles for the enzyme such as Ca 2+ signal transduction, memory molecule function and scaffolding. The article will review the multiple roles played by CaMKII in glutamatergic synapses and how they are affected in disease conditions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the three highly related genes, Nrgn, Olfm1, and Camk2a, are classical cell markers for excitatory neurons,41”
From A spatial imaging-transcriptomics paradigm for deciphering the molecular basis of microscopic MRI in the normal brain and Alzheimer’s disease (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The contribution of de novo coding mutations to autism spectrum disorder
Iossifov, I., O’Roak, B. J., Sanders, S. J., Ronemus, M., Krumm, N., Levy, D., Stessman, H. A., Witherspoon, K. T., Vives, L., Patterson, K. E., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13908 · Cited by 2,585
Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines
Matsuzaki, M., Honkura, N., Ellis-Davies, G. C. R., & Kasai, H. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02617 · Cited by 2,483
The molecular basis of CaMKII function in synaptic and behavioural memory
Lisman, J., Schulman, H., & Cline, H. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn753 · Cited by 1,860
Neurotrophins as synaptic modulators
Poo, M.-M. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35049004 · Cited by 1,775
Matsuzaki, M., Ellis-Davies, G. C. R., Nemoto, T., Miyashita, Y., Iino, M., & Kasai, H. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn736 · Cited by 1,563
Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability
de Ligt, J., Willemsen, M. H., van Bon, B. W. M., Kleefstra, T., Yntema, H. G., Kroes, T., Vulto-van Silfhout, A. T., Koolen, D. A., de Vries, P., Gilissen, C., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1206524 · Cited by 1,546
Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders
Study, D. D. D. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21062 · Cited by 1,480
Correlation Between Elevated Levels of Amyloid β-Peptide in the Brain and Cognitive Decline
Näslund, J. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.12.1571 · Cited by 1,268
Mechanisms of CaMKII action in long-term potentiation
Lisman, J., Yasuda, R., & Raghavachari, S. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3192 · Cited by 1,134
Figurov, A., Pozzo-Miller, L. D., Olafsson, P., Wang, T., & Lu, B. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381706a0 · Cited by 1,106
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 355
- Aakalu, 2001, Dynamic visualization of local protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons., Neuron, 30, 489, 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00295-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Abidin, 2006, Reduced presynaptic efficiency of excitatory synaptic transmission impairs LTP in the visual cortex of BDNF-heterozygous mice., Eur. J. Neurosci., 24, 3519, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05242.x · DOI
- Achterberg, 2014, Temporal and region-specific requirements of αCaMKII in spatial and contextual learning., J. Neurosci., 34, 11180, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0640-14.2014 · DOI · Paper page
- Ahmari, 2002, Knowing a nascent synapse when you see it., Neuron, 34, 333, 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00685-2 · DOI
- Ahmed, 2017, Beneficial effects of a CaMKIIα inhibitor TatCN21 peptide in global cerebral ischemia., J. Mole. Neurosci., 61, 42, 10.1007/s12031-016-0830-8 · DOI
- Akita, 2018, De novo variants in CAMK2A and CAMK2B cause neurodevelopmental disorders., Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol., 5, 280, 10.1002/acn3.528 · DOI · Paper page
- Alkadhi, 2021, NMDA receptor-independent LTP in mammalian nervous system., Prog. Neurob., 200, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101986 · DOI
- Ament, 2015, Rare variants in neuronal excitability genes influence risk for bipolar disorder., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 112, 3576, 10.1073/pnas.1424958112 · DOI
- Anderson, 2015, Oxidant stress promotes disease by activating CaMKII., J. Mole. Cell. Cardiol., 89, 160, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.014 · DOI
- Araki, 2020, Coordination between Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Neurons., Internat. J. Mole. Sci., 21, 10.3390/ijms21217997 · DOI
- Arrazola, 2019, Compartmentalized necroptosis activation in excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration: a novel mechanism implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology., Neur. Regenerat. Res., 14, 10.4103/1673-5374.253520 · DOI
- Ashpole, 2013, Loss of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in cortical astrocytes decreases glutamate uptake and induces neurotoxic release of ATP., J. Biol. Chem., 288, 14599, 10.1074/jbc.M113.466235 · DOI
- Ashpole, 2011, Excitotoxic neuroprotection and vulnerability with CaMKII inhibition., Mole. Cell. Neurosci., 46, 720, 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.02.003 · DOI
- Ashpole, 2012, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibition induces neurotoxicity via dysregulation of glutamate/calcium signaling and hyperexcitability., J. Biol. Chem., 287, 8495, 10.1074/jbc.M111.323915 · DOI
- Ashraf, 2006, Synaptic protein synthesis associated with memory is regulated by the RISC pathway in Drosophila., Cell, 124, 191, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.12.017 · DOI
- Asrican, 2007, Synaptic strength of individual spines correlates with bound ca2+–calmodulin-dependent kinase ii., J. Neurosci., 27, 14007, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3587-07.2007 · DOI
- Atkins, 2006, Activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases after traumatic brain injury., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 26, 1507, 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600301 · DOI
- Bach, 1995, Impairment of spatial but not contextual memory in CaMKII mutant mice with a selective loss of hippocampal LTP in the range of the θ frequency., Cell, 81, 905, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90010-1 · DOI
- Bachstetter, 2014, Generation and behavior characterization of CaMKIIβ knockout mice., PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0105191 · DOI
- Barria, Identification of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulatory phosphorylation site in the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl 4-isoxazole-propionate-type glutamate receptor., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 32727, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.32727 · DOI
- Barria, Regulatory phosphorylation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors by CaM-KII during long-term potentiation., Science, 276, 2042, 10.1126/science.276.5321.2042 · DOI · Paper page
- Barria, 2005, NMDA receptor subunit composition controls synaptic plasticity by regulating binding to CaMKII., Neuron, 48, 289, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.08.034 · DOI · Paper page
- Bayer, 2006, Transition from reversible to persistent binding of CaMKII to postsynaptic sites and NR2B., J. Neurosci., 26, 1164, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3116-05.2006 · DOI
- Bayer, 1999, Developmental expression of the CaM kinase II isoforms: ubiquitous γ-and δ-CaM kinase II are the early isoforms and most abundant in the developing nervous system., Mole. Brain Res., 70, 147, 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00131-x · DOI
- Bayer, 2019, CaM kinase: still inspiring at 40., Neuron, 103, 380, 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.033 · DOI
- Bejar, 2002, Transgenic calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation: dose-dependent effects on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory., J. Neurosci., 22, 5719, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05719.2002 · DOI
- Bhattacharyya, 2020, Structural insights into the regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)., Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 12, 10.1101/cshperspect.a035147 · DOI · Paper page
- Bliss, 2019, Persistent memories of long-term potentiation and the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor., Brain Neurosci. Adv., 3, 10.1177/2398212819848213 · DOI
- Blum, 2015, Mutant huntingtin alters Tau phosphorylation and subcellular distribution., Hum. Molec. Genet., 24, 76, 10.1093/hmg/ddu421 · DOI
- Borgesius, 2011, βCaMKII plays a nonenzymatic role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning by targeting αCaMKII to synapses., J. Neurosci., 31, 10141, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5105-10.2011 · DOI · Paper page
- Brito, 2014, Neurotrophin receptor p75 NTR mediates Huntington’s disease-associated synaptic and memory dysfunction., J. Clin. Invest., 124, 4411, 10.1172/JCI74809 · DOI · Paper page
- Brooks, 2011, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitors disrupt AKAP79-dependent PKC signaling to GluA1 AMPA receptors., J. Biol. Chem., 286, 6697, 10.1074/jbc.M110.183558 · DOI
- Brown, 2005, Dopamine depletion alters phosphorylation of striatal proteins in a model of Parkinsonism., Eur. J. Neurosci., 22, 247, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04190.x · DOI
- Brown, 2021, Characterization of six CaMKIIα variants found in patients with schizophrenia., Iscience, 24, 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103184 · DOI
- Browne, 2004, A novel mTOR-regulated phosphorylation site in elongation factor 2 kinase modulates the activity of the kinase and its binding to calmodulin., Molec. Cell. Biol., 24, 2986, 10.1128/MCB.24.7.2986-2997.2004 · DOI
- Bufill, 2015, Reelin signaling pathway genotypes and Alzheimer disease in a Spanish population., Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Dis., 29, 169, 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000002 · DOI
- Buonarati, 2020, CaMKII versus DAPK1 binding to GluN2B in ischemic neuronal cell death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest., Cell Rep., 30, 1, 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.076 · DOI
- Buonarati, 2021, Conserved and divergent features of neuronal CaMKII holoenzyme structure, function, and high-order assembly., Cell Rep., 37, 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110168 · DOI
- Burgin, 1990, In situ hybridization histochemistry of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in developing rat brain., J. Neurosci., 10, 1788, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01788.1990 · DOI
- Butler, 1995, Limbic epilepsy in transgenic mice carrying a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha-subunit mutation., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92, 6852, 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6852 · DOI
- Cacucci, 2007, Experience-dependent increase in CA1 place cell spatial information, but not spatial reproducibility, is dependent on the autophosphorylation of the α-isoform of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II., J. Neurosci., 27, 7854, 10.1523/jneurosci.1704-07.2007 · DOI · Paper page
- Chalmers, 2020, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKII) inhibition protects against Purkinje cell damage following CA/CPR in mice., Mole. Neurob., 57, 150, 10.1007/s12035-019-01765-9 · DOI
- Chamoun, 2010, Role of extracellular glutamate measured by cerebral microdialysis in severe traumatic brain injury., J. Neurosurg., 113, 564, 10.3171/2009.12.JNS09689 · DOI
- Chana, 2015, Decreased expression of mGluR5 within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism and increased microglial number in mGluR5 knockout mice: Pathophysiological and neurobehavioral implications., Brain Behav. Imm., 49, 197, 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.009 · DOI
- Chandran, 2021, Neuroprotective derivatives of tacrine that target NMDA receptor and acetylcholinesterase-Design, synthesis and biological evaluation., Comp. Struct. Biotechnol. J., 19, 4517, 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.041 · DOI
- Chang, 1998, Characterization of a calmodulin kinase II inhibitor protein in brain., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 95, 10890, 10.1073/pnas.95.18.10890 · DOI · Paper page
- Chapman, 1995, The α-Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II: a bidirectional modulator of presynaptic plasticity., Neuron, 14, 591, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90315-1 · DOI
- Chawla, 2017, Constitutive regulation of the glutamate/aspartate transporter EAAT 1 by Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II., J. Neurochem., 140, 421, 10.1111/jnc.13913 · DOI
- Chen, 2007, Regulation of NMDA receptors by phosphorylation., Neuropharmacology, 53, 362, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.05.018 · DOI
- Chen, 1994, Abnormal fear response and aggressive behavior in mutant mice deficient for alpha-calcium-calmodulin kinase II., Science, 266, 291, 10.1126/science.7939668 · DOI
- Chen, 2021, Gastrodin ameliorates learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia by promoting autophagy flux via inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKII signal pathway., Aging, 13, 10.18632/aging.202667 · DOI
- Cheriyan, 2011, Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II bound to NMDA receptor 2B subunit exhibits increased ATP affinity and attenuated dephosphorylation., PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0016495 · DOI
- Cheriyan, 2012, Effect of multimeric structure of CaMKII in the GluN2B-mediated modulation of kinetic parameters of ATP., PLoS one, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0045064 · DOI
- Chia, 2018, A homozygous loss-of-function CAMK2A mutation causes growth delay, frequent seizures and severe intellectual disability., Elife, 7, 10.7554/eLife.32451 · DOI · Paper page
- Chiocchetti, 2018, Common functional variants of the glutamatergic system in Autism spectrum disorder with high and low intellectual abilities., J. Neural Trans., 125, 259, 10.1007/s00702-017-1813-9 · DOI
- Cho, 2007, Dentate gyrus-specific manipulation of β-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II disrupts memory consolidation., Proc. Natl. Sci., 104, 16317, 10.1073/pnas.0703344104 · DOI
- Chotiner, 2003, Adenylyl cyclase-dependent form of chemical long-term potentiation triggers translational regulation at the elongation step., Neuroscience, 116, 743, 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00797-2 · DOI
- Churn, 2000, Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin kinase II alpha subunit expression results in epileptiform activity in cultured hippocampal neurons., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97, 5604, 10.1073/pnas.080071697 · DOI
- Colicos, 2001, Remodeling of synaptic actin induced by photoconductive stimulation., Cell, 107, 605, 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00579-7 · DOI
- Cook, 2021, CaMKII holoenzyme mechanisms that govern the LTP versus LTD decision., Sci. Adv., 7, 10.1126/sciadv.abe2300 · DOI · Paper page
- Cook, 2019, Simultaneous live imaging of multiple endogenous proteins reveals a mechanism for Alzheimer’s-related plasticity impairment., Cell Rep., 27, 658, 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.041 · DOI
- Coultrap, 2012, A significant but rather mild contribution of T286 autophosphorylation to Ca2+/CaM-stimulated CaMKII activity., PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0037176 · DOI
- Coultrap, 2011, Improving a natural CaMKII inhibitor by random and rational design., PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025245 · DOI
- Coultrap, 2014, Nitric oxide induces Ca2+-independent activity of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)., J. Biol. Chem., 289, 19458, 10.1074/jbc.M114.558254 · DOI
- Coultrap, 2014, Autonomous CaMKII mediates both LTP and LTD using a mechanism for differential substrate site selection., Cell Rep., 6, 431, 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.005 · DOI · Paper page
- Coultrap, 2011, CaMKII in cerebral ischemia., Acta Pharm. Sin., 32, 861, 10.1038/aps.2011.68 · DOI
- Crino, 1996, Molecular characterization of the dendritic growth cone: regulated mRNA transport and local protein synthesis., Neuron, 17, 1173, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80248-2 · DOI
- Davis, 1984, Protein synthesis and memory: a review., Psychol. Bull., 96, 10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.518 · DOI
- De Koninck, 1998, Sensitivity of CaMKII to the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations., Science, 279, 227, 10.1126/science.279.5348.227 · DOI · Paper page
- Deckel, 2001, Reduced activity and protein expression of NOS in R6/2 HD transgenic mice: effects of L-NAME on symptom progression., Brain Res., 919, 70, 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03000-1 · DOI
- Deckel, Altered neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression contributes to disease progression in Huntington’s disease transgenic mice., Brain Res., 939, 76, 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02550-7 · DOI
- Deckel, Biphasic developmental changes in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent proteins in R6/2 Huntington’s disease mice., Neuroreport, 13, 707, 10.1097/00001756-200204160-00034 · DOI · Paper page
- Deng, 2017, Autonomous CaMKII activity as a drug target for histological and functional neuroprotection after resuscitation from cardiac arrest., Cell Rep., 18, 1109, 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.011 · DOI
- Derkach, 1999, Ca2+/calmodulin-kinase II enhances channel conductance of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate type glutamate receptors., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96, 3269, 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3269 · DOI · Paper page
- Deshpande, 2008, Alterations in neuronal calcium levels are associated with cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury., Neurosci. Lett., 441, 115, 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.113 · DOI
- Deutch, 2006, Striatal plasticity in parkinsonism: dystrophic changes in medium spiny neurons and progression in Parkinson’s disease., Parkins. Dis. Relat. Dis., 2006, 67, 10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_12 · DOI
- Di Biase, 2008, Stable membrane expression of postsynaptic CaV1. 2 calcium channel clusters is independent of interactions with AKAP79/150 and PDZ proteins., J. Neurosci., 28, 13845, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3213-08.2008 · DOI
- Di Lorenzo, 2020, LTP-like cortical plasticity predicts conversion to dementia in patients with memory impairment., Brain Stimul., 13, 1175, 10.1016/j.brs.2020.05.013 · DOI
- Dominique, 2006, Identification of a genetic cluster influencing memory performance and hippocampal activity in humans., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 4270, 10.1073/pnas.0510212103 · DOI
- Easton, 2013, CAMK2A polymorphisms predict working memory performance in humans., Mole. Psych., 18, 850, 10.1038/mp.2012.114 · DOI
- Erondu, 1985, Regional distribution of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in rat brain., J. Neurosci., 5, 3270, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.05-12-03270.1985 · DOI · Paper page
- Faas, 2011, Calmodulin as a direct detector of Ca 2+ signals., Nat. Neurosci., 14, 301, 10.1038/nn.2746 · DOI
- Faden, 1989, The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury., Science, 244, 798, 10.1126/science.2567056 · DOI · Paper page
- Fan, 2006, The role of CaMKII in BDNF-mediated neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5)., Brain Res., 1067, 48, 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.030 · DOI
- Fang, 2019, A comprehensive analysis of the CaMK2A gene and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease in the Han Chinese population., Front. Aging Neurosci., 11, 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00084 · DOI
- Farinelli, 2012, Selective regulation of NR2B by protein phosphatase-1 for the control of the NMDA receptor in neuroprotection., PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0034047 · DOI
- Fink, 2003, Selective regulation of neurite extension and synapse formation by the β but not the α isoform of CaMKII., Neuron, 39, 283, 10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00428-8 · DOI · Paper page
- Folkerts, 2007, Phosphorylation of calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II following lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats., J. Neurotr., 24, 638, 10.1089/neu.2006.0188 · DOI
- Frankland, 2004, The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in remote contextual fear memory., Science, 304, 881, 10.1126/science.1094804 · DOI
- Freund, 1984, Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive boutons in synaptic contact with identified striatonigral neurons, with particular reference to dendritic spines., Neuroscience, 13, 1189, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90294-x · DOI
- Gamache, 2020, Twenty years of SynGAP research: from synapses to cognition., J. Neurosci., 40, 1596, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0420-19.2020 · DOI · Paper page
- Gardoni, 2015, Modulation of the glutamatergic transmission by Dopamine: a focus on Parkinson, Huntington and Addiction diseases., Front. Cell. Neurosci., 9, 10.3389/fncel.2015.00025 · DOI
- Gardoni, 2010, Assemblies of glutamate receptor subunits with post-synaptic density proteins and their alterations in Parkinson’s disease., Prog. Brain Res., 183, 169, 10.1016/S0079-6123(10)83009-2 · DOI
- Gardoni, 2003, CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation regulates SAP97/NR2A interaction., J. Biol. Chem., 278, 44745, 10.1074/jbc.M303576200 · DOI
- Gardoni, 2006, Calcium–calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation modulates PSD-95 binding to NMDA receptors., Eur. J. Neurosci., 24, 2694, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05140.x · DOI · Paper page
- Gardoni, 1999, αCaMKII binding to the C-terminal tail of NMDA receptor subunit NR2A and its modulation by autophosphorylation., FEBS Lett., 456, 394, 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00985-0 · DOI
- Giese, 2021, The role of CaMKII autophosphorylation for NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation., Neuropharmacology, 193, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108616 · DOI
- Giese, 1998, Autophosphorylation at Thr286 of the α calcium-calmodulin kinase II in LTP and learning., Science, 279, 870, 10.1126/science.279.5352.870 · DOI · Paper page
- Giovannini, 2001, Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates early phosphorylation and delayed expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in long-term potentiation., J. Neurosci., 21, 7053, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07053.2001 · DOI
- Giralt, 2012, Cognitive dysfunction in Huntington’s disease: humans, mouse models and molecular mechanisms., J. Hunting. Dis., 1, 155, 10.3233/JHD-120023 · DOI
- Glazewski, 2001, The effect of autonomous alpha-CaMKII expression on sensory responses and experience-dependent plasticity in mouse barrel cortex., Neuropharmacology, 41, 771, 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00097-1 · DOI
- Goebel, 2009, Selective blockade of CaMKII-α inhibits NMDA-induced caspase-3-dependent cell death but does not arrest PARP-1 activation or loss of plasma membrane selectivity in rat retinal neurons., Brain Res., 1256, 190, 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.12.051 · DOI
- Gomez-Monterrey, 2013, Characterization of a selective CaMKII peptide inhibitor., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 425, 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.053 · DOI
- Gordon, 1996, Deficient plasticity in the primary visual cortex of α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mutant mice., Neuron, 17, 491, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80181-6 · DOI
- Gottschalk, 1998, Presynaptic modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the developing hippocampus., J. Neurosci., 18, 6830, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06830.1998 · DOI
- Gratuze, 2015, Tau hyperphosphorylation and deregulation of calcineurin in mouse models of Huntington’s disease., Hum. Mole. Genet., 24, 86, 10.1093/hmg/ddu456 · DOI · Paper page
- Grover, 1990, Two components of long-term potentiation induced by different patterns of afferent activation., Nature, 347, 477, 10.1038/347477a0 · DOI · Paper page
- Gu, 2016, Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke., JCI Insight, 1, 10.1172/jci.insight.86460 · DOI
- Gu, 2009, β-Amyloid impairs AMPA receptor trafficking and function by reducing Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II synaptic distribution., J. Biol. Chem., 284, 10639, 10.1074/jbc.M806508200 · DOI
- Gunasekaran, 2022, Differential expression of miR-148b, miR-129-2 and miR-296 in animal models of schizophrenia-Relevance to NMDA receptor hypofunction., Neuropharmacology, 2022, 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109024 · DOI
- Gurd, 2008, Ischemia and status epilepitcus result in enhanced phosphorylation of calcium and calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II on threonine 253., Brain Res., 1218, 158, 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.040 · DOI
- Gustin, 2011, Loss of Thr286 phosphorylation disrupts synaptic CaMKIIα targeting, NMDAR activity and behavior in pre-adolescent mice., Mole. Cell. Neurosci., 47, 286, 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.05.006 · DOI
- Hafner, 2015, Lengthening of the stargazin cytoplasmic tail increases synaptic transmission by promoting interaction to deeper domains of PSD-95., Neuron, 86, 475, 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.013 · DOI · Paper page
- Hao, 2005, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), through NMDA receptors and L-Voltage-gated channels, modulates the serine phosphorylation of GluR6 during cerebral ischemia and early reperfusion period in rat hippocampus., Molecular Brain Res., 140, 55, 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.07.005 · DOI
- Hasegawa, 2009, Transgenic up-regulation of alpha-CaMKII in forebrain leads to increased anxiety-like behaviors and aggression., Mole. Brain, 2, 1, 10.1186/1756-6606-2-6 · DOI
- Hayashi, 2000, Driving AMPA receptors into synapses by LTP and CaMKII: requirement for GluR1 and PDZ domain interaction., Science, 287, 2262, 10.1126/science.287.5461.2262 · DOI · Paper page
- He, 2021, Gating of hippocampal rhythms and memory by synaptic plasticity in inhibitory interneurons., Neuron, 109, 1013, 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.014 · DOI
- Heiman, 2021, A familial case of CAMK2B mutation with variable expressivity., SAGE Open Med. Case Rep., 9, 10.1177/2050313X21990982 · DOI
- Hell, 2014, CaMKII: claiming center stage in postsynaptic function and organization., Neuron, 81, 249, 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.024 · DOI
- Herring, 2016, Long-term potentiation: from CaMKII to AMPA receptor trafficking., Annu. Rev. Phys., 78, 351, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071753 · DOI · Paper page
- Hinds, 2003, Essential function of α-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in neurotransmitter release at a glutamatergic central synapse., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100, 4275, 10.1073/pnas.0530202100 · DOI
- Hoelz, 2003, Crystal structure of a tetradecameric assembly of the association domain of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II., Mole. Cell, 11, 1241, 10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00171-0 · DOI
- Hojjati, 2007, Kinase activity is not required for αCaMKII-dependent presynaptic plasticity at CA3-CA1 synapses., Nat. Neurosci., 10, 1125, 10.1038/nn1946 · DOI
- Hosaka, 1999, A phospho-switch controls the dynamic association of synapsins with synaptic vesicles., Neuron, 24, 377, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80851-x · DOI
- Hou, 2009, CaMKII phosphorylates collapsin response mediator protein 2 and modulates axonal damage during glutamate excitotoxicity., J. Neurochem., 111, 870, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06375.x · DOI
- Hudmon, 2002, Neuronal CA2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: the role of structure and autoregulation in cellular function., Annu. Rev. Biochem., 71, 473, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135410 · DOI
- Hudmon, 2005, CaMKII tethers to L-type Ca2+ channels, establishing a local and dedicated integrator of Ca2+ signals for facilitation., J. Cell Biol., 171, 537, 10.1083/jcb.200505155 · DOI
- Inagaki, 1997, Spatial patterns of Ca2+ signals define intracellular distribution of a signaling by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II., J. Biol. Chem., 272, 25195, 10.1074/jbc.272.40.25195 · DOI
- Irvine, 2011, Properties of contextual memory formed in the absence of αCaMKII autophosphorylation., Mole. Brain, 4, 1, 10.1186/1756-6606-4-8 · DOI
- Islam, 2019, Theobromine improves working memory by activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in rats., Nutrients, 11, 10.3390/nu11040888 · DOI
- Iwama, 2019, Genetic landscape of Rett syndrome-like phenotypes revealed by whole exome sequencing., J. Med. Genet., 56, 396, 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105775 · DOI
- Izumi, 2020, SAK3 administration improves spine abnormalities and cognitive deficits in appNL-GF/NL-GF knock-in mice by increasing proteasome activity through CaMKII/Rpt6 signalling., Internat. J. Mole. Sci., 21, 10.3390/ijms21113833 · DOI
- Izumi, 1998, LTP in CA1 of the adult rat hippocampus and voltage-activated calcium channels., Neurorep., 9, 3689, 10.1097/00001756-199811160-00022 · DOI
- Jackson, 2011, The expanding social network of ionotropic glutamate receptors: TARPs and other transmembrane auxiliary subunits., Neuron, 70, 178, 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.007 · DOI · Paper page
- Jiang, 2019, Tilianin mediates neuroprotection against ischemic injury by attenuating CaMKII-dependent mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and MAPK/NF-κB signalling., Life Sci., 216, 233, 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.035 · DOI
- Jontes, 2000, Growth cone and dendrite dynamics in zebrafish embryos: early events in synaptogenesis imaged in vivo., Nat. Neurosci., 3, 231, 10.1038/72936 · DOI
- Jontes, 2000, Filopodia, spines, and the generation of synaptic diversity., Neuron, 27, 11, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00003-9 · DOI · Paper page
- Khan, 2019, Architectural dynamics of CaMKII-actin networks., Biophys. J., 116, 104, 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.006 · DOI
- Kim, 2019, Autophosphorylation of F-actin binding domain of CaMKIIβ is required for fear learning., Neurobiol. Learn. Memory, 157, 86, 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.003 · DOI
- Kirkwood, 1997, Age-dependent decrease of synaptic plasticity in the neocortex of αCaMKII mutant mice., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94, 3380, 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3380 · DOI
- Klann, 2004, Biochemical mechanisms for translational regulation in synaptic plasticity., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 5, 931, 10.1038/nrn1557 · DOI
- Kochan, 1999, Status epilepticus results in an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in the rat., Neuroscience, 95, 735, 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00462-5 · DOI
- Koh, 1999, Regulation of DLG localization at synapses by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation., Cell, 98, 353, 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81964-9 · DOI
- Kojima, 2019, The role of CaMKII-Tiam1 complex on learning and memory., Neurobiol. Learn. Memory, 166, 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107070 · DOI
- Kool, 2019, CAMK2-dependent signaling in neurons is essential for survival., J. Neurosci., 39, 5424, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1341-18.2019 · DOI
- Kool, 2016, The molecular, temporal and region-specific requirements of the beta isoform of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 (CAMK2B) in mouse locomotion., Scientif. Rep., 6, 1, 10.1038/srep26989 · DOI
- Korte, 1995, Hippocampal long-term potentiation is impaired in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92, 8856, 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8856 · DOI · Paper page
- Koutsokera, 2014, Expression and phosphorylation of glutamate receptor subunits and CaMKII in a mouse model of Parkinsonism., Brain Res., 1549, 22, 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.023 · DOI
- Kumar, 2019, Alteration in the phosphorylation status of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit by activation of both NMDA receptor and L-type voltage gated calcium channel., Neurosci. Lett., 709, 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134343 · DOI
- Lamsa, 2007, NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in mouse hippocampal interneurons shows a unique dependence on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases., J. Phys., 584, 885, 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.137380 · DOI · Paper page
- Lee, 2021, Association of CaMK2A and MeCP2 signaling pathways with cognitive ability in adolescents., Mole. Brain, 14, 1, 10.1186/s13041-021-00858-8 · DOI
- Lee, 2001, Calcium/calmodulin kinase II activity of hippocampus in kainate-induced epilepsy., J. Korean Med. Sci., 16, 643, 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.5.643 · DOI
- Leonard, 2002, Regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein Kinase II docking toN-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors by calcium/calmodulin and α-actinin., J. Biol. Chem., 277, 48441, 10.1074/jbc.M205164200 · DOI
- Leonard, 1999, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96, 3239, 10.1073/pnas.96.6.3239 · DOI · Paper page
- Leurs, 2021, GHB analogs confer neuroprotection through specific interaction with the CaMKIIα hub domain., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 118, 10.1073/pnas.2108079118 · DOI
- Levine, 1995, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rapidly enhances synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons via postsynaptic tyrosine kinase receptors., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 92, 8074, 10.1073/pnas.92.17.8074 · DOI · Paper page
- Li, 2007, Quantitative proteomics and protein network analysis of hippocampal synapses of CaMKIIα mutant mice., J. Prot. Res., 6, 3127, 10.1021/pr070086w · DOI
- Lisman, 2015, Biochemical principles underlying the stable maintenance of LTP by the CaMKII/NMDAR complex., Brain Res., 1621, 51, 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.010 · DOI
- Lisman, 1993, Quantal analysis and synaptic anatomy—integrating two views of hippocampal plasticity., Trends Neurosci., 16, 141, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90122-3 · DOI
- Lisman, 2001, A model of synaptic memory: a CaMKII/PP1 switch that potentiates transmission by organizing an AMPA receptor anchoring assembly., Neuron, 31, 191, 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00364-6 · DOI
- Liu, 2020, A comprehensive description of GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (n.d.) receptor antagonists., Eur. Opean J. Med. Chem., 200, 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112447 · DOI
- Liu, 2017, Environmental enrichment mitigates deficits after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury., J. Neurotr., 34, 2445, 10.1089/neu.2016.4823 · DOI
- Liu, 2010, MicroRNA-148/152 impair innate response and antigen presentation of TLR-triggered dendritic cells by targeting CaMKIIα., J. Immunol., 185, 7244, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001573 · DOI
- Liu, 2012, CaMKII antisense oligodeoxynucleotides protect against ischemia-induced neuronal death in the rat hippocampus., J. Neurol. Sci., 314, 104, 10.1016/j.jns.2011.10.012 · DOI
- Lu, 2010, Synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors is regulated by a CaMKII site in the first intracellular loop of GluA1., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 22266, 10.1073/pnas.1016289107 · DOI
- Lue, 1999, Soluble amyloid β peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer’s disease., Am. J. Pathol., 155, 853, 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65184-x · DOI · Paper page
- Ly, 2011, Loss of activated CaMKII at the synapse underlies Alzheimer’s disease memory loss., J. Neurochem., 119, 673, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07473.x · DOI
- Ma, 2014, γCaMKII shuttles Ca2+/CaM to the nucleus to trigger CREB phosphorylation and gene expression., Cell, 159, 281, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.019 · DOI
- MacDonald, 2006, Hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity and signal amplification of NMDA receptors., Crit. Rev. Neurob., 18, 1, 10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v18.i1-2.80 · DOI
- Madhavan, 2020, Glu60 of α-Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II mediates crosstalk between the regulatory T-site and protein substrate binding region of the active site., Archiv. Biochem. Biophys., 685, 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108348 · DOI
- Malenka, 1999, Long-term potentiation–a decade of progress?, Science, 285, 1870, 10.1126/science.285.5435.1870 · DOI · Paper page
- Malinow, 1989, Inhibition of postsynaptic PKC or CaMKII blocks induction but not expression of LTP., Science, 245, 862, 10.1126/science.2549638 · DOI · Paper page
- Marin, 1997, Glutamate-dependent phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 and inhibition of protein synthesis in neurons., J. Neurosci., 17, 3445, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03445.1997 · DOI
- Masliah, 2001, Altered expression of synaptic proteins occurs early during progression of Alzheimer’s disease., Neurology, 56, 127, 10.1212/wnl.56.1.127 · DOI · Paper page
- Matsumoto, 2008, Isoflurane Inhibits Protein Kinase Cγ and Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II-α Translocation to Synaptic Membranes in Ischemic Mice Brains., Neurochem. Res., 33, 2302, 10.1007/s11064-008-9727-4 · DOI
- Matsumoto, 2002, Persistent phosphorylation of synaptic proteins following middle cerebral artery occlusion., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 22, 1107, 10.1097/00004647-200209000-00008 · DOI
- Matsumoto, 2004, Protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 24, 54, 10.1097/01.WCB.0000095920.70924.F5 · DOI
- Matsumoto, 2013, Vorinostat ameliorates impaired fear extinction possibly via the hippocampal NMDA-CaMKII pathway in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder., Psychopharmacology, 229, 51, 10.1007/s00213-013-3078-9 · DOI
- Matsuo, 2009, Neural activity changes underlying the working memory deficit in alpha-CaMKII heterozygous knockout mice., Front. Behav. Neurosci., 3, 10.3389/neuro.08.020.2009 · DOI
- Mauceri, 2004, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation drives synapse-associated protein 97 into spines., J. Biol. Chem., 279, 23813, 10.1074/jbc.M402796200 · DOI
- Mayadevi, 2016, Protection of α-CaMKII from dephosphorylation by GluN2B subunit of NMDA receptor is abolished by mutation of Glu96 or His282 of α-CaMKII., PLoS One, 11, 10.1371/journal.pone.0162011 · DOI
- Mayadevi, 2002, Sequence determinants on the NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptor responsible for specificity of phosphorylation by CaMKII., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1598, 40, 10.1016/s0167-4838(02)00315-1 · DOI
- Mayadevi, 2012, Curcumin is an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II., Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6040, 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.029 · DOI
- Mayford, 1996, Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene., Science, 274, 1678, 10.1126/science.274.5293.1678 · DOI · Paper page
- Mayford, 1995, CaMKII regulates the frequency-response function of hippocampal synapses for the production of both LTD and LTP., Cell, 81, 891, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90009-8 · DOI
- McGlade-McCulloh, 1993, Phosphorylation and regulation of glutamate receptors by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II., Nature, 362, 640, 10.1038/362640a0 · DOI
- Melville, 2017, The activation of protein kinase A by the calcium-binding protein S100A1 is independent of cyclic AMP., Biochemistry, 56, 2328, 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00117 · DOI
- Meng, 2003, Autophosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) reversibly targets to and phosphorylates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in hippocampus of rats., Brain Res., 967, 161, 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)04267-1 · DOI
- Meng, 2002, Autophosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α induced by cerebral ischemia immediately targets and phosphorylates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in hippocampus of rats., Neurosci. Lett., 333, 59, 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00961-8 · DOI
- Michalski, 2013, The delicate bistability of CaMKII., Biophys. J., 105, 794, 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.038 · DOI
- Micheva, 2010, Single-synapse analysis of a diverse synapse population: proteomic imaging methods and markers., Neuron, 68, 639, 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.024 · DOI
- Migues, 2006, Phosphorylation of CaMKII at Thr253 occurs in vivo and enhances binding to isolated postsynaptic densities., J. Neurochem., 98, 289, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03876.x · DOI
- Miller, 2002, Disruption of dendritic translation of CaMKIIα impairs stabilization of synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation., Neuron, 36, 507, 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00978-9 · DOI
- Miller, 1985, Distinct forebrain and cerebellar isozymes of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase associate differently with the postsynaptic density fraction., J. Biol. Chem., 260, 9039, 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39454-1 · DOI
- Miller, 1986, Regulation of brain Type II Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by autophosphorylation: a Ca2+-triggered molecular switch., Cell, 44, 861, 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90008-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Moldave, 1985, Eukaryotic protein synthesis., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 54, 1109, 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.005333 · DOI
- Molloy, 1991, Autophosphorylation of type II Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in cultures of postnatal rat hippocampal slices., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 88, 4756, 10.1073/pnas.88.11.4756 · DOI
- Moosmang, 2005, Role of hippocampal Cav1. 2 Ca2+ channels in NMDA receptor-independent synaptic plasticity and spatial memory., J. Neurosci., 25, 9883, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1531-05.2005 · DOI
- Moretto, 2018, Glutamatergic synapses in neurodevelopmental disorders., Prog. Neuro-Psychopharm. Biol. Psych., 84, 328, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.014 · DOI
- Mori, 2000, Two cis-acting elements in the 3′ untranslated region of α-CaMKII regulate its dendritic targeting., Nat. Neurosci., 3, 1079, 10.1038/80591 · DOI
200 of 355 shown
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shen, Y., Shen, Y., Wang, M., Jin, K., Yang, P., Cao, Z., Zhu, Q., Zhao, Z., Li, H., Han, L., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116073 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Mohanan, A. G., Gunasekaran, S., Jacob, R. S., & Omkumar, R. V.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-06-20
- Volume
- 15
- ISSN
- 1662-5099
- PMC
- PMC9252440
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 47
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review