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The plasma proteome is favorably modified by a high protein diet but not by additional resistance training in older adults: A 17-week randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background: The age-related loss of muscle mass significantly contributes to the development of chronic diseases, loss of mobility and dependency on others, yet could be improved by an optimized lifestyle. Objective: The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the influence of a habitual diet (CON) with either a diet containing the recommended protein intake (RP) or a high protein intake (HP), both with and without strength training, on the plasma proteome in older adults. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six women and men (65–85 years) were randomly assigned to three intervention groups. CON continued their habitual diet; participants of the HP and RP group consumed either high protein or standard foods. After 6 weeks of dietary intervention, HP and RP groups additionally started a strength training intervention twice per week for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours dietary recalls were performed every 7–10 days. Body composition was assessed and blood taken. Plasma proteomics were assessed with LC-MS. Results: Participants of the HP group doubled their baseline protein intake from 0.80 ± 0.31 to 1.63 ± 0.36 g/kg BW/d; RP increased protein intake from 0.89 ± 0.28 to 1.06 ± 0.26 g/kg BW/d. The CON group kept the protein intake stable throughout the study. Combined exercise and HP initiated notable changes, resulting in a reduction in bodyfat and increased muscle mass. Proteomics analyses revealed 14 significantly affected proteins by HP diet, regulating innate immune system, lipid transport and blood coagulation, yet the additional strength training did not elicit further changes. Conclusions: Combined HP and resistance exercise in healthy older adults seem to induce favorable changes in the body composition. Changes in the plasma proteome due to the high protein diet point to a beneficial impact for the innate immune system, lipid transport and blood coagulation system, all of which are involved in chronic disease development. Clinical trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04023513).
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“In our own work, we were able to show that a higher protein intake of 1.6 g/kg/d, compared to 1.0 g/kg/d, significantly improved the adaptation to resistance exercise in elderly untrained individuals [16].”
From Protein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“In support of this, higher protein intakes showed superior outcomes for developing lean body mass [15,16] and muscle strength [17] in the elderly.”
From Protein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
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“A higher proportion of muscle mass in advanced age is linked to better quality of life, reduced risk for metabolic disfunction/disease and improved outcomes after diseases and therapeutic interventions (4, 5).”
BackgroundEstimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., Baumgartner, R. N., & Ross, R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.465 · Cited by 1,482 · cited 1×
“102}; where Ht is height in cm, R is resistance in Ω ; sex= 1 for men and sex= 0 for women, and age is indicated in years (24).”
BackgroundMorton, R. W., Murphy, K. T., McKellar, S. R., Schoenfeld, B. J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A. A., Devries, M. C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J. W., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608 · Cited by 1,269 · cited 1×
“younger adults, to equally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults (11, 12).”
BackgroundThe Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Sarcopenia
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Longland, T. M., Oikawa, S. Y., Mitchell, C. J., Devries, M. C., & Phillips, S. M. (2016) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.119339 · Cited by 271
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Cited by
Protein Intake, Physical Performance and Body Composition in Master Athletes—A Short Scoping Review
Franzke, B., Maierhofer, R., & Putz, P. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030498 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Franzke, B., Bileck, A., Unterberger, S., Aschauer, R., Zöhrer, P. A., Draxler, A., Strasser, E.-M., Wessner, B., Gerner, C., & Wagner, K.-H.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-08-05
- Volume
- 9
- ISSN
- 2296-861X
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 11
- Funders
- Universität Wien (Forschungsplattform Active Ageing)
- European Regional Development Fund (Interreg SK-AT, NutriAging)
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