Targeting the immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia: a focus on T cell immunity
Open accessAbstract
Immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have emerged as promising modalities in multiple hematologic malignancies. Despite the excitement surrounding immunotherapy, it is currently not possible to predict which patients will respond. Within solid tumors, the status of the immune microenvironment provides valuable insight regarding potential responses to immune therapies. Much less is known about the immune microenvironment within hematologic malignancies but the characteristics of this environment are likely to serve a similar predictive role. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematologic malignancy in adults, and only 25% of patients are alive 5 years following their diagnosis. There is evidence that manipulation of the immune microenvironment by leukemia cells may play a role in promoting therapy resistance and disease relapse. In addition, it has long been documented that through modulation of the immune system following allogeneic bone marrow transplant, AML can be cured, even in patients with the highest risk disease. These concepts, along with the poor prognosis associated with this disease, have encouraged many groups to start exploring the utility of novel immune therapies in AML. While the implementation of these therapies into clinical trials for AML has been supported by preclinical rationale, many questions still exist surrounding their efficacy, tolerability, and the overall optimal approach. In this review, we discuss what is known about the immune microenvironment within AML with a specific focus on T cells and checkpoints, along with their implications for immune therapies.
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MSCs play a role in innate and acquired immunity directly through cell-cell contact or secretion of soluble factors.
“MSCs play a role in innate and acquired immunity directly through cell-cell contact or secretion of soluble factors.32,33”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
AML can lead to the induction of MDSCs and Tregs, which dampen adaptive immune response in close proximity to leukemic cells.
“AML can lead to the induction of MDSCs and Tregs, which dampen adaptive immune response in close proximity to leukemic cells.32”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Lamble, A. J., & Lind, E. F.
- Affiliations
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lind, Evan F.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-06-13
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 213-213
- ISSN
- 2234-943X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6008423
- OpenAlex
- W2807706866
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Center (U54CA224019, U01CA217862)
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- acute myeloid leukemia, tumor immune microenvironment, T cell immunity, immune checkpoint, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, treatment resistance, recurrence, predictive biomarkers
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