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Cited by 36Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesAir Quality and Health ImpactsNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Flavonol-rich dark cocoa significantly decreases plasma endothelin-1 and improves cognition in urban children

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Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, Mora-Tiscareño, Antonieta, Franco-Lira, Maricela, Cross, Janet V., Engle, Randall, Aragón-Flores, Mariana, Gómez-Garza, Gilberto, Jewells, Valerie +8 more·2013·Frontiers in Pharmacology
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2013.00104PMC PMC3749371
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Abstract

Air pollution exposures are linked to systemic inflammation, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality, neuroinflammation and neuropathology in young urbanites. In particular, most Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) children exhibit subtle cognitive deficits, and neuropathology studies show 40% of them exhibiting frontal tau hyperphosphorylation and 51% amyloid-β diffuse plaques (compared to 0% in low pollution control children). We assessed whether a short cocoa intervention can be effective in decreasing plasma endothelin 1 (ET-1) and/or inflammatory mediators in MCMA children. Thirty gram of dark cocoa with 680 mg of total flavonols were given daily for 10.11 ± 3.4 days (range 9-24 days) to 18 children (10.55 years, SD = 1.45; 11F/7M). Key metabolite ratios in frontal white matter and in hippocampus pre and during cocoa intervention were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ET-1 significantly decreased after cocoa treatment (p = 0.0002). Fifteen children (83%) showed a marginally significant individual improvement in one or both of the applied simple short memory tasks. Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of exposure to particulate matter (PM) and decreased endothelin-1 bioavailability is likely useful for brain function in the context of air pollution. Our findings suggest that cocoa interventions may be critical for early implementation of neuroprotection of highly exposed urban children. Multi-domain nutraceutical interventions could limit the risk for endothelial dysfunction, cerebral hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, cognitive deficits, structural volumetric detrimental brain effects, and the early development of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., Mora-Tiscareño, A., Franco-Lira, M., Cross, J. V., Engle, R., Aragón-Flores, M., Gómez-Garza, G., Jewells, V., Medina-Cortina, H., Solorio, E., Chao, C.-K., Zhu, H., Mukherjee, P. S., Ferreira-Azevedo, L., Torres-Jardón, R., & D'Angiulli, A.
Affiliations
  • Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (MX)
  • Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (MX)
  • University of Virginia (US)
  • Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • University of Montana (US)
  • Boise State University (US)
  • Ministry of Education (BR)
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2013
Volume
4
Pages
104-104
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphar.2013.00104
PMC
PMC3749371
OpenAlex
W2123204955
Cited by
36
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI
2.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) (submittedVersion)
  • ScholarWorks (Boise State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UNC Libraries
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
flavonols, endothelin-1, endothelial dysfunction, air pollution, particulate matter, urban children, cognitive function, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, hippocampus, frontal white matter, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Mexico City metropolitan area

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