Cited by 720Mitochondrial Function and PathologyAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Mitochondrial Defects and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease

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Yan, Michael H., Wang, Xinglong, Zhu, Xiongwei·2013·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases characterized by prominent neurodegeneration in selective neural systems. Although a small fraction of AD and PD cases exhibit evidence of heritability, among which many genes have been identified, the majority are sporadic without known causes. Molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and pathogenesis of these diseases remain elusive. Convincing evidence demonstrates oxidative stress as a prominent feature in AD and PD and links oxidative stress to the development of neuronal death and neural dysfunction, which suggests a key pathogenic role for oxidative stress in both AD and PD. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction is also a prominent feature in these diseases, which is likely to be of critical importance in the genesis and amplification of reactive oxygen species and the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this review, we focus on changes in mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial dynamics, two aspects critical to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and function, in relationship with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD and PD.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.014

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  • ROS, which are considered markers of oxidative stress, are generated in the cytoplasm of neurons and can cause damage to key cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.

    “It has been proposed that ROS, which are considered markers of oxidative stress, are generated in the cytoplasm of neurons and can cause damage to key cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death (56, 59, 60).”

    From Molecular Basis for Increased Risk for Late-onset Alzheimer Disease Due to the Naturally Occurring L28P Mutation in Apolipoprotein E4 (2014) · cites this paper as [60]

    The Introduction says excess ROS can damage nucleic acids, enzymes, and lipids and ultimately cause neuronal loss or cell death. It does not identify the neuronal cytoplasm as the site where ROS are generated; instead, it describes mitochondria as the major sites of cellular ROS generation. It also describes ROS as contributors to oxidative stress rather than explicitly as markers of it. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • ROS generation exacerbates α-synuclein misfolding in the brain, resulting in PD and other synaptic proteinopathies.

    “An increasing body of research indicates that ROS generation exacerbates α-synuclein misfolding in the brain, resulting in PD and other synaptic proteinopathies [37,38].”
  • In clinical studies, probiotics lower the development of α-synuclein aggregates by lowering ROS levels, thereby improving the condition of patients with PD.

    “In clinical studies, probiotics have been shown to lower the development of α-synuclein aggregates by lowering ROS levels, thereby improving the condition of patients with PD [37,39].”

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4 of the 209 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [172]Bonifati V Rizzu P van Baren MJ Schaap O Breedveld GJ Krieger E Dekker MCJ Squitieri F Ibanez P Joosse M van Dongen JW Vanacore N van Swieten JC Brice A Meco G van Duijn CM Oostra BA Heutink P Mutations in the DJ-1 gene associated with autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism Science 299 256 259 2003 12446870

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Authors
Yan, M. H., Wang, X., & Zhu, X.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Wang, Xinglong
  • Zhu, Xiongwei
Venue
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-09
Volume
62
Pages
90-101
ISSN
0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2027783468
Cited by
718
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 30
FWCI
16.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • the National Institutes of Health (AG031852, NS071184)
  • Alzheimer's Association (IIRG-10–173358)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial dynamics, reactive oxygen species, neurodegeneration, mitochondrial homeostasis
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Mitochondria, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Parkinson Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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