The impact of Ayahuasca on suicidality: results from a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Suicide is a major public health problem. Given increasing suicide rates and limitations surrounding current interventions, there is an urgent need for innovative interventions for suicidality. Although ayahuasca has been shown to target mental health concerns associated with suicidality (i.e., depression and hopelessness), research has not yet explored the impact of ayahuasca on suicidality. Therefore, we conducted secondary analyses of a randomized placebo-controlled trial in which individuals with treatment-resistant depression were administered one dose of ayahuasca (n = 14) or placebo (n = 15). Suicidality was assessed by a trained psychiatrist at baseline, as well as 1 day, 2 days, and 7 days after the intervention. A fixed-effects linear mixed model, as well as between and within-groups Cohen's d effect sizes were used to examine changes in suicidality. Controlling for baseline suicidality, we found a significant effect for time (p < .05). The effect of the intervention (i.e., ayahuasca vs. placebo) trended toward significance (p = .088). At all time points, we found medium between-group effect sizes (i.e., ayahuasca vs. placebo; day 1 Cohen’s d = 0.58; day 2 d = 0.56; day 7 d = 0.67), as well as large within-group (ayahuasca; day 1 Cohen's d = 1.33; day 2 d = 1.42; day 7 d = 1.19) effect sizes, for decreases in suicidality. Conclusions: This research is the first to explore the impact of ayahuasca on suicidality. The findings suggest that ayahuasca may show potential as an intervention for suicidality. We highlight important limitations of the study, potential mechanisms, and future directions for research on ayahuasca as an intervention for suicidality. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT02914769.
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Converging evidence from preclinical and human studies suggests oral formulations of DMT such as ayahuasca show potential in reducing anxiety, depressive symptoms, addictive behaviors, and posttraumatic distress.
“Indeed, converging evidence from preclinical and human studies suggest that oral formulations of DMT such as ayahuasca show potential in reducing anxiety, depressive symptoms, addictive behaviors, and posttraumatic distress (1–3, 30–35).”
From Potential therapeutic effects of an ayahuasca-inspired N,N-DMT and harmine formulation: a controlled trial in healthy subjects (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports decreases in non-suicide-related depressive symptoms after ayahuasca and cites prior research on improvements in depression. The paper does not establish the full attributed range of benefits: its trial assessed suicidality in people with treatment-resistant depression, not reductions in anxiety, addictive behaviors, or posttraumatic distress. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Zeifman, R. J., Palhano-Fontes, F., Hallak, J., Arcoverde, E., Maia-Oliveira, J. P., & Araujo, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-11-19
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 1325-1325
- ISSN
- 1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6878725
- OpenAlex
- W2981779913
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 12.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (466760/2014, 479466/2013)
- Ministério da Educação (1677/2012, 1577/2013)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- ayahuasca, suicidality, suicide prevention, treatment-resistant depression, depression, hopelessness, psychedelic therapy, placebo-controlled intervention
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