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Cited by 45Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryBarrier Structure and Function StudiesExtracellular vesicles in disease

Nano-Neurotheranostics: Impact of Nanoparticles on Neural Dysfunctions and Strategies to Reduce Toxicity for Improved Efficacy

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Vinod, Chiluka, Jena, Srikanta·2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology
DOI 10.3389/fphar.2021.612692PMC PMC8033012
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Abstract

Nanotheranostics is one of the emerging research areas in the field of nanobiotechnology offering exciting promises for diagnosis, bio-separation, imaging mechanisms, hyperthermia, phototherapy, chemotherapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, among other uses. The major criteria for any nanotheranostic-materials is 1) to interact with proteins and cells without meddling with their basic activities, 2) to maintain their physical properties after surface modifications and 3) must be nontoxic. One of the challenging targets for nanotheranostics is the nervous system with major hindrances from the neurovascular units, the functional units of blood-brain barrier. As blood-brain barrier is crucial for protecting the CNS from toxins and metabolic fluctuations, most of the synthetic nanomaterials cannot pass through this barrier making it difficult for diagnosing or targeting the cells. Biodegradable nanoparticles show a promising role in this aspect. Certain neural pathologies have compromised barrier creating a path for most of the nanoparticles to enter into the cells. However, such carriers may pose a risk of side effects to non-neural tissues and their toxicity needs to be elucidated at preclinical levels. This article reviews about the different types of nanotheranostic strategies applied in nervous dysfunctions. Further, the side effects of these carriers are reviewed and appropriate methods to test the toxicity of such nano-carriers are suggested to improve the effectiveness of nano-carrier based diagnosis and treatments.

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  • The risk of chronic toxicity and accumulation of non-degradable particles in the brain significantly increases for patients with AD.

    “The risk of chronic toxicity and accumulation of non-degradable particles in the brain significantly increases for patients with AD [36].”

    From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [36]

    The sections “Toxicity Testing of Different Nanoparticles and Strategies to Reduce the Toxic Effects” and “Side Effects of Nanoparticles Used for Neurotherapy” (pages unavailable) say nanoparticles can accumulate in the brain and cause neurotoxicity, including hazards discussed in the context of AD. They do not say that non-degradable particles pose a significantly increased risk of chronic toxicity or accumulation specifically for patients with AD. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Vinod, C., & Jena, S.
Affiliations
Ravenshaw University (IN)
Corresponding author
Jena, Srikanta
ORCID
Jena, Srikanta
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-03-26
Volume
12
Pages
612692-612692
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphar.2021.612692
PMC
PMC8033012
OpenAlex
W3140685551
Cited by
45
References
120
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Keywords
nanotheranostics, nanoparticles, blood-brain barrier, neurovascular unit, biodegradable nanoparticles, nanoparticle toxicity, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroimaging, toxicity testing, surface modification

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