Cited by 1,401Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlVagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

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The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance

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Billman, George E.·2013·Frontiers in Physiology

DOI 10.3389/fphys.2013.00026PMC PMC3576706

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OPINION article Front. Physiol., 20 February 2013Sec. Clinical and Translational Physiology Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00026

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Figure 1 An illustration of the possible non-linear effects of varying cardiac sympathetic and cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity on LF/HF. This graph was constructed using the following formula (derived from a synthesis of the literature, particularly Randall et al., 1991; Taylor et al., 2001; Cohen and Taylor, 2002): LF/HF = (0.5 parasympathetic + 0.25 sympathetic nerve activity)/(0.9 parasympathetic + 0.1 sympathetic nerve activity). The nerve activity was varied from baseline (1 arbitrary unit each) increasing or decreasing by up to a factor of 10 (i.e., from 0.1 to 10 units).CC BY · PubMed Central

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“, physical exercise or extreme stress), increases inHF could accompany an increase in sympathetic response [36, 48].”
Background
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Authors: Billman, G. E.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: Billman, George E.
Venue: Frontiers in Physiology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2013
Volume: 4
Pages: 26-26
ISSN: 1664-042X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00026
PMC: PMC3576706
OpenAlex: W2107161633
Cited by: 1,401
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 177 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 115 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 14
FWCI: 30.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords: LF/HF ratio, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system

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The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance

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