State- or trait-like individual differences in dream recall: preliminary findings from a within-subjects study of multiple nap REM sleep awakenings
Open accessAbstract
We examined the question whether the role of EEG oscillations in predicting presence/absence of dream recall (DR) is explained by "state-" or "trait-like" factors. Six healthy subjects were awakened from REM sleep in a within-subjects design with multiple naps, until a recall and a non-recall condition were obtained. Naps were scheduled in the early afternoon and were separated by 1 week. Topographical EEG data of the 5-min of REM sleep preceding each awakening were analyzed by power spectral analysis [Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)] and by a method to detect oscillatory activity [Better OSCillations (BOSC)]. Both analyses show that REC is associated to higher frontal theta activity (5-7 Hz) and theta oscillations (6.06 Hz) compared to NREC condition, but only the second comparison reached significance. Our pilot study provides support to the notion that sleep and wakefulness share similar EEG correlates of encoding in episodic memories, and supports the "state-like hypothesis": DR may depend on the physiological state related to the sleep stage from which the subject is awakened rather than on a stable individual EEG pattern.
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Dream reports in children are often collected in the absence of EEG monitoring, considered the gold standard for a reliable time coupling between defined sleep stage awakenings and dream reports.
“Furthermore, dream reports in children are often collected in absence of EEG monitoring, considered the gold standard for a reliable time coupling between defined sleep stage awakenings and dream reports.27”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
The Methods > Procedure section (page not specified) describes EEG-monitored awakenings from a confirmed REM sleep stage, supporting the use of monitoring to link dream reports to a defined stage. The paper does not say that children's dream reports are often collected without EEG monitoring or explicitly call EEG the gold standard. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe alpha and theta rhythms seem to be pivotal activities both in brain maturation and in a successful dream recall.
“The alpha (~8.00–11.75 Hz) and theta (~5.00–7.75 Hz) rhythms seem to be pivotal activities both in brain maturation94 and in a successful dream recall.27,28”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
The Discussion (page not provided) links higher frontal theta activity to successful dream recall, and the Results report more theta oscillations before recalled than non-recalled dreams. The paper identifies an alpha-band peak but does not establish an alpha association with successful dream recall. Brain maturation is attached to a different citation in the citing sentence and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrain maturational markers such as alpha and theta rhythms have been found to be involved both in dream recall and episodic-declarative memory.
“brain maturational markers such as alpha and theta rhythms94 have been found to be involved both in dream recall21,27,28,30–32,35 and episodic-declarative memory61,94,97”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
Theta oscillations in the last 5 minutes of REM sleep predict the subsequent dream recall both during nap and nighttime investigations.
“while the theta oscillations in the last 5 minutes of REM sleep predict the subsequent dream recall both during nap27 and nighttime28 investigations.”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Scarpelli, S., Marzano, C., D’Atri, A., Gorgoni, M., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-07-06
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 928-928
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4491596
- OpenAlex
- W1482311889
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministero della Salute (RF‐2009‐1528677, 2009-1528677)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- dream recall, REM sleep, EEG oscillations, frontal theta activity, episodic memory encoding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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