A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions to Cancer Caregivers
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To systematically review the effect of psychosocial interventions on improving QoL, depression and anxiety of cancer caregivers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of psychosocial interventions among adult cancer caregivers published from 2011 to 2016 . PsycINFO, PubMed, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Embase, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG were searched. Inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trails; psychosocial intervention to cancer caregivers; psychosocial health indicators including quality of life, depression or anxiety. Results: 21 studies out of 4666 identified abstracts met inclusion criteria, including 19 randomised controlled trails (RCTs). The intervention modes fell into the following nine categories: family connect intervention, self-determination theory-based intervention (SDT), cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), emotion-focused therapy (EFT), comprehensive health enhancement support system (CHESS), FOCUS programme, existential behavioural therapy (EBT), telephone interpersonal counseling (TIP-C), problem-solving intervention (COPE). Conclusion: paired-intervention targeting self-care and interpersonal connections of caregivers and symptom management of patients is effective in improving quality of life and alleviating depression of cancer caregivers while music therapy is helpful for reducing anxiety of cancer caregivers .
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Interventions dedicated to caregivers generally had small to medium effect sizes in reducing caregiver burden, alleviating psychological symptoms, and improving caregivers coping capabilities, self-efficacy and QoL.
“Results from two meta-analyses [20, 21] suggest that interventions dedicated to caregivers generally had small to medium effect sizes in reducing caregiver burden, alleviating psychological symptoms, and improving caregivers coping capabilities, self-efficacy and QoL.”
From It is time to address fear of cancer recurrence in family caregivers: protocol for the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized pilot study of the online version of the Family Caregiver–Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FC-FORT) (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The Results > Outcome measures section (page unavailable) reports improvements in quality of life, anxiety and depression, and small-to-medium effects for quality of life in some studies. It does not establish a general small-to-medium effect across all the listed outcomes, including caregiver burden, coping capabilities and self-efficacy; it also reports some nil and large effects. This paper is a systematic review rather than a meta-analysis reporting a pooled effect size. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cites
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“Consistent with other family caregiver intervention studies, our results show that most psychosocial outcomes improved over time in family caregivers [20].”
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“in lifestyle), family caregivers are often neglected and become invisible patients in practice and research.(12,13) More seriously, empirical evi-”
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“While numerous studies have revealed the positive impacts of psychosocial interventions in different groups,[15,23-25] some interventions did not have any effect on the caregiver’s burden and stress levels.”
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“The results of this meta-analysis were consistent with those of other systematic reviews [35,37,42,43].”
ResultInterventions improving well‐being of adult cancer patients’ caregivers: A systematic review
Sak‐Dankosky, N., Sherwood, P. R., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. M., & Kvist, T. A. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15320 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Terhorst, L. A., Geller, D. A., Marsh, W., Antoni, M. H., Dew, M. A., Biala, M., Weinstein, J., Tsung, A., & Steel, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2020.1752879 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Carr, A. L., Bilenduke, E., Adolf, E., Kessler, E. R., Arch, J. J., Ranby, K. W., & Kilbourn, K. M. (2023) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951523000196 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…3.4 (1.0) .20 Common humanity 3.3 (0.9) 3.2 (0.5) −.10 Self-isolation 3.2 (1.2) 3.1 (0.6) −.03 Mindfulness 3.0 (0.7) 3.2 (0.8) .22 Over identified 3.6 (0.9) 3.4 (0.9) −.17 DAS-24 ( α = .92) Achievement 2.7 (1.4) 2.6 (0.9) −.08 Dependency 2.9 (1.1) 2.9 (1.1) −.02 Self-control 2.9 (0.7) 3.5 (0.6) .51”
InfluentialPozet, A., Darnis, S., Bonnet, M., Meurisse, A., Dabakuyo‐Yonli, T. S., Lejeune, C., Fagnoni, P., Gaimard, M., Manckoundia, P., Quibel, C., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1605459 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“management in adult cancer patients alleviated depression and improved caregiver QoL [35].”
BackgroundSakuma, H., Hasuo, H., & Fukunaga, M. (2021) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-021-00217-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Family caregivers who do not spend time engaging in self-care because of their sense of responsibility for patient care feel a greater burden [3], which results in unsuccessful psychological and emotional management for themselves [4].”
BackgroundShaygan, M., Khaki, S., Zarei, D., Moshfeghinia, R., Aeen, F. B., & Sadeghi, Y. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08448-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“It is clear that supportive psychotherapy as well as logotherapy are effective to enhance quality of life and increase existential well-being [52, 53].”
Cai, M., & Gou, J. (2024) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-024-13169-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Valero-Cantero, I., Casals, C., Espinar-Toledo, M., Barón-López, F. J., Soler, N. G., & Vázquez‐Sánchez, M. Á. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11141985 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These interventions may include self-chosen music sessions [45].”
BackgroundCaregivers’ concerns through health professionals’ eyes
Oliveira, C., Lourenço, D., Sotero, L. M. L., & Relvas, A. P. (2024) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951523001864 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yang, M. H., Ma, F., Lan, B., Cai, J., Sun, X., & Xu, B. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Cancer Research · doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.04.05 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“This is beneficial not only for FCs but also for patients themselves, as it alleviates their low mood and improves their prognosis (13,25,31,32).”
BackgroundOng, Y. Q. G., Li, J., Tan, J. Y. A., & He, H. G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17699 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Needs Assessment in Parents of Children Affected by Cancer: A Qualitative Perspective
Nieto, B. B., Muñoz, C. P., & López, M. Á. V. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121957 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Although there are many studies aimed at identifying the psychosocial repercussions on the parents of affected children, only very recently have they begun to look at the psychosocial needs of parents from the moment of diagnosis onwards, going through the different stages of the child’s disease [14].”
BackgroundLow, N. J. H., Leow, D. G. W., & Klainin‐Yobas, P. (2023) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151533 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Multimodal Prehabilitation: a Mini Review of Contemporary Research
Brahmbhatt, P., Minnella, E. M., Randall, I. M., & Mina, D. S. (2021) · Current anesthesiology reports · doi:10.1007/s40140-021-00490-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Psychological Support for Cancer Patients
Khalid, S., Abbas, I., & Javed, S. (2023) · Cancer treatment and research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_13 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Chow, A. Y. M., Zhang, A. Y., Chan, I. K. N., Fordjour, G. A., Lui, J. N. M., LOU, V. W. Q., & Chan, C. (2023) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/08258597231215137 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kibralew, G., Wassie, Y. A., Kelebie, M. A., Rtbey, G., Tadesse, G., Melkamu, M. W., Chekol, A. T., Andualem, F., Setegn, A., Tinsae, T., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02447-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Christodoulou, L., Parpottas, P., & Petkari, E. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241236254 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Previous research has primarily focused on outcomes targeting psychological burden, distress, depression and anxiety, coping abilities, self-efficacy, or quality of life (Ahn et al, 2020; Fu et al., 2017; Kedia et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2023; Waldron et al., 2013).”
BackgroundYang, M. H., Sun, R., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Zou, B.-H., Yang, Y., Cong, M., Zheng, Y., Yu, L., Ma, F., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587627 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Blasco, N. T., Peña-Vargas, C., Costas-Muñíz, R., Rosario-Ramos, L., Shen, M. J., & Castro, E. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08360-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“As part of the cancer diagnostic process, patients and caregivers may experience psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and psychological distress [29–32].”
Lambert, S., Duncan, L. R., Ellis, J., Robinson, J. W., Sears, C. S., Culos-Reed, N. S., Matthew, A., de Raad, M., Schaffler, J. L., Mina, D. S., et al. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00791-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lamarche, J., Nissim, R., Avery, J., Wong, J., Maheu, C., Lambert, S. D., Laizner, A. M., Jones, J., Esplen, M. J., & Lebel, S. (2024) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-024-01567-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Many interventions have been developed to address the needs of caregivers [20, 21].”
Effect of Psychosocial Interventions on Cancer's Caregiver Quality of Life: Meta-analysis
Kalyani, C. V., Rohilla, K. K., Gupta, P., Gupta, A., & Gupta, S. (2023) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/17450179-v19-e230927-2022-ht14-4336-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. T., Tsai, H., Huynh, H. T. P., Tran, T. K. L., Le, T. A., Weng, L., Cheng, C., Tsay, P., Shieh, W., & Liu, C.-Y. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02965-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“[53].”
Quality of life and appraisal factors of patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers
Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Guan, T., Wang, X., Ma, C., Northouse, L., & Song, L. (2025) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-025-09512-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“To date, limited research has thoroughly investigated the factors associated with QOL for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers, which is critical for developing effective interventions that best meet their needs [9].”
Yoo, G. E., Kim, J., Choi, D. I., Yeo, M. S., Kim, S. J., & Na, S. (2020) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735620906881 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Easpaig, B. N. G., Newman, B., Johnson, J., Laidsaar‐Powell, R., Sansom‐Daly, U. M., Jones, L., Hofstätter, L., Robertson, E. G., Mears, S. R., Sattarshetty, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-025-01802-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Following the study selection, 54 reviews were deemed eligible for inclusion [12, 14, 22, 23, 30, 31, 37, 42– 88 ] Only one review focused on children/young people caring for parents [56].”
Samuelsson, M., Edman, K., Neziraj, M., & Ericsson, A. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-14245-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A neglected problem ın caregıvers of cancer patıents: Supportıve care needs
Çelik, A., & Temeltaş, G. (2024) · Health & Research Journal · doi:10.12681/healthresj.34637 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dahlberg, M., Wannheden, C., Andersson, S. K., & Bylund, A. (2025) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102779 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This makes problem-solving approaches a common element of educational interventions for informal caregivers (Farquhar et al., 2016; Fu et al., 2017).”
Adult-Child Caregivers’ Motivations when Caring for Home-Dwelling Parents with Dementia
Dombestein, H. (2021) · University of Stavanger eBooks · doi:10.31265/usps.87 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yang, H. Y., Lv, Z., Xu, Y., & Chen, H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031906 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“[12] showed that music therapy could ease the anxiety of caregivers and regulate their emotions.”
BackgroundEaspaig, B. N. G., Newman, B., Johnson, J., Sansom‐Daly, U. M., Jones, L., Hofstätter, L., Robertson, E. G., & Harrison, R. (2024) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Although the evidence concerning psychosocial interventions to support cancer carers is growing [16 – 18], there appears to be a lesser body of evidence specifically focused on the development and testing of programmes to help prepare carers for the journey ahead [19].”
BackgroundEaspaig, B. N. G., Newman, B., Johnson, J., Laidsaar‐Powell, R., Sansom‐Daly, U. M., Jones, L., Hofstätter, L., Robertson, E. G., Mears, S. R., Sattarshetty, K., et al. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/56403 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“There has been a growing interest in identifying psychosocial interventions that may be effective in supporting this population [7,12].”
BackgroundPozet, A., Darnis, S., Bonnet, M., Meurisse, A., Dabakuyo‐Yonli, T. S., Lejeune, C., Fagnoni, P., Gaimard, M., Manckoundia, P., Quibel, C., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1349746/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Doré, I., Piché, A., Montiel, C., Lambert, S., Gillis, C., Dufresne, S. S., Riesco, É., Jardel, P., Pavic, M., Samouëlian, V., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1566489 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Technology-based psychosocial education for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Saragih, I. S., Tzeng, H., Susanto, I., & Saragih, I. D. (2026) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871261442808 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Additionally, psychological distress is a multifactorial construct influenced by prior mental health conditions, disease severity, social support and cultural context, complicating efforts to achieve consistent outcomes (Arpaci et al., 2023; Fu et al., 2017).”
Sanna, K. (2022) · Psychoterapia · doi:10.12740/pt/146397 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Systematic Review: The Correlation Burnout Rate in Cancer Patient Caregivers
Febrianti, E., Cipta, D. A., Esperanza, M., Handoko, M. T., Sembiring, M. D., & Kristianti, N. I. (2024) · Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) · doi:10.22146/rpcpe.82561 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world; around 8.8 million people died from cancer in 2015 1 .”
InfluentialSpeciální pedagogika osob s omezením pohyblivosti a koncept praxe založené na důkazech
Kameník, J. (2023) · doi:10.5507/pdf.23.24462745 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Impact of Yoga in Cancer Caregivers: A Review of Current Literature
Giridharan, S. (2023) · International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga · doi:10.47223/irjay.2023.61213 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“[26] The interventions varied across nine categories: family connect, self-determination theory-based, cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and others.”
BackgroundHormone therapy in prostate cancer: Understanding patients' and caregivers' supportive care needs
Tanış, E. U., & Uğur, Ö. (2023) · International Journal of Urological Nursing · doi:10.1111/ijun.12370
Pozet, A., Darnis, S., Bonnet, M., Meurisse, A., Dabakuyo‐Yonli, T. S., Lejeune, C., Fagnoni, P., Gaimard, M., Manckoundia, P., Quibel, C., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1349746/v2
Lambert, S. D., Duncan, L. R., Ellis, J., Robinson, J. W., Sears, C. S., Culos-Reed, N. S., Matthew, A., de Raad, M., Schaffler, J. L., Mina, D. S., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14253504
Lambert, S. D., Duncan, L. R., Ellis, J., Robinson, J. W., Sears, C. S., Culos-Reed, N. S., Matthew, A., de Raad, M., Schaffler, J. L., Mina, D. S., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14253510
Lambert, S. D., Duncan, L. R., Ellis, J., Robinson, J. W., Sears, C. S., Culos-Reed, N. S., Matthew, A., de Raad, M., Schaffler, J. L., Mina, D. S., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14253507
Graciá, E. A., Rueda-Extremera, M., & Cantero-García, M. (2026) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/psic.108432
“These results are consistent with earlier reviews highlighting the benefits of comprehensive psychosocial interventions for caregivers (8,18,19).”
Double burden of cancer and bipolar disorder: Implications for mental health care
Marano, G., Sottile, A., Giacomi, O. D., Lanzetta, M., Scialpi, C., Pavese, F., Ricozzi, V., Rotondaro, S., Migliore, A., D’Angelo, T., et al. (2026) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.120545
Saadatmand, V., & Hojat, M. (2026) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-026-11010-4
“…fell into nine categories: family intervention, theory-based self-care intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, emotion-focused therapy, comprehensive health promotion support systems, mindfulness-based interventions, telephone-based interpersonal counseling, and problem-solving therapy [16].”
Høeg, B. L., Genter, P., Hamre, C. J., Rosthøj, S., Møller-Jørgensen, L. S., Dalton, S. O., & Bidstrup, P. E. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70603
“Over the years, there has been increased focus on interventions to support informal cancer caregivers [7, 8].”
Carreño-Moreno, S., Chaparro-Díaz, L., Taylor, C. D., & Santin, O. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70609
“Digital and structured psychosocial interventions have been shown to improve health literacy, reduce social isolation, and enhance psychosocial well‐ being among caregivers [13, 14].”
- Authors
- Fu, F., Zhao, H., Tong, F., & Chi, I.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Anhui Normal University (CN)
- Sichuan International Studies University (CN)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tong, Feng
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-05-23
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 834-834
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5443149
- OpenAlex
- W2618831526
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fudan University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Family Support in Illness
- Keywords
- cancer caregivers, psychosocial interventions, quality of life, depression, anxiety, self-determination theory, cognitive behavioral therapy, emotion-focused therapy, music therapy, caregiver self-care, symptom management
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