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Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been accompanied by a large amount of misleading and false information about the virus, especially on social media. In this article, we explore the coronavirus “infodemic” and how behavioral scientists may seek to address this problem. We detail the scope of the problem and discuss the negative influence that COVID-19 misinformation can have on the widespread adoption of health protective behaviors in the population. In response, we explore how insights from the behavioral sciences can be leveraged to manage an effective societal response to curb the spread of misinformation about the virus. In particular, we discuss the theory of psychological inoculation (or prebunking) as an efficient vehicle for conferring large-scale psychological resistance against fake news.
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“46% of people in the UK and 48% of people in the United States were exposed to false information.”
From The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [242]
In the citing paper
“All countries proved to be highly vulnerable to disinformation and misinformation regarding the pandemic”
From The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [242]
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“This is known as “pre-bunking” and is a useful way of reducing the spread of misinformation [14, 42].”
BackgroundKnowing What We Don't Know: Targeting Overconfidence to Combat MisinformationPreprint
Taavila, S., Amara, M., Draginić, K., Jung, N. S., Li, X., & Sloksnath, P. R. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4872927
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Motta, M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197788844.003.0006
Anti-Intellectualism and Its Pernicious Policy Consequences
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Flores, J. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2026.1779500
Xu, Y., Dong, D., Liu, Z., & Li, S. (2026) · Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management · doi:10.1111/1468-5973.70171 · Cited by 1
Susceptibility to High-Fidelity Misinformation: An Eye-Tracking Analysis
Abeysinghe, Y., Jayawardena, G., Kasneci, E., & Jayarathna, S. (2026) · ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) · doi:10.1145/3797246.3806224
“…during events such as the 2016 presidential elections [Bovet and Makse 2019; Kalsnes 2018; Sajjad et al. 2019], the COVID-19 pandemic [van Der Linden et al. 2020], the geopolitical conflicts [Khaldarova and Pantti 2020], and, more recently, the emergence of AI-generated content as a source…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Compton, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- van der Linden, Sander
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-10-23
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 566790-566790
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7644779
- OpenAlex
- W3094229442
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 121.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation, infodemic, fake news, psychological inoculation, prebunking, preventive health behavior, social media, behavioral interventions, SARS-CoV-2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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