The Importance of Nature Exposure and Physical Activity for Psychological Health and Stress Perception: Evidence From the First Lockdown Period During the Coronavirus Pandemic 2020 in France and Germany
Open accessAbstract
Objective: This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study aims to compare physical activity and nature exposure levels between people living in France and Germany during the lockdown. Furthermore, the secondary aim is to observe the relationship between perceived stress, psychological health, physical activity, and nature exposure in Germany and France during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related lockdown of April/May 2020. Methods: The study includes 419 participants who have completed the Perceived Stress Scale 10, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, the modified Nature Exposure Scale, and complementary questions related to the lockdown period from April 19 to May 11, 2020. Multiple regression models were constructed to evaluate the relationship of nature exposure and physical exercise with overall stress perception and psychological health in France and Germany when considering a broad range of covariates. Results: Exposure to nature during the lockdown (ηp2 = 0.034, p < 0.001), amount of physical activity ηp2 = 0.014, p < 0.001), and psychological health (ηp2 = 0.041, p < 0.001) were greater in German compared with French participants. Godin Index and Nature Exposure Scale total score were both inversely correlated to stress perception and positively correlated to psychological health. The stress and psychological health regression models explained 10% of the results' variance. Physical activity (Godin Index) was a significant for both models. Nature Exposure Scale total score was a significant predictor only for psychological health. When including all significant covariates, the regression models explained 30.7% for the perceived stress and 42.1% for the psychological health total overall variance. Conclusion: Physical activity and nature exposure are significant predictors of psychological health. Even though both variables are associated with stress perception, only physical activity is a significant predictor of stress perception. Our results suggest that physical activity and nature exposure were key factors to go through the lockdown period in France and Germany.
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In German and French populations between March and April 2020, physical activity and exposure to nature were significant predictors of psychological health.
“A longitudinal study between March and April 2020 in German and French populations showed that PA and exposure to nature were significant predictors of psychological health (33).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
The Discussion reports that physical activity and nature exposure were significant predictors of psychological health in the German and French samples. But the Experimental Design describes a one-time online survey administered April 19–May 11, 2020, not a longitudinal study conducted between March and April. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Javelle, F., Laborde, S., Hosang, T. J., Metcalfe, A. J., & Zimmer, P.
- Affiliations
- German Sport University Cologne (DE)
- Helmut Schmidt University (DE)
- TU Dortmund University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Javelle, Florian
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-03-04
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 623946-623946
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7969516
- OpenAlex
- W3135097156
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- nature exposure, physical activity, perceived stress, mental health, COVID-19 lockdown, leisure-time physical activity, cross-national comparison, France, Germany, quality of life
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