Potential associations between behavior change techniques and engagement with mobile health apps: a systematic review

Milne-Ives, Madison; Homer, Sophie R.; Andrade, Jackie; Meinert, Edward

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227443

Cited by 69Mobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsDigital Mental Health InterventionsBehavioral Health and Interventions

Potential associations between behavior change techniques and engagement with mobile health apps: a systematic review

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Milne-Ives, Madison, Homer, Sophie R., Andrade, Jackie, Meinert, Edward·2023·Frontiers in Psychology

DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227443PMC PMC10545861

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Abstract

Introduction: Lack of engagement is a common challenge for digital health interventions. To achieve their potential, it is necessary to understand how best to support users’ engagement with interventions and target health behaviors. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the behavioral theories and behavior change techniques being incorporated into mobile health apps and how they are associated with the different components of engagement. Methods: The review was structured using the PRISMA and PICOS frameworks and searched six databases in July 2022: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycArticles, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2 and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools. Analysis: A descriptive analysis provided an overview of study and app characteristics and evidence for potential associations between Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) and engagement was examined. Results: The final analysis included 28 studies. Six BCTs were repeatedly associated with user engagement: goal setting, self-monitoring of behavior, feedback on behavior, prompts/cues, rewards, and social support. There was insufficient data reported to examine associations with specific components of engagement, but the analysis indicated that the different components were being captured by various measures. Conclusion: This review provides further evidence supporting the use of common BCTs in mobile health apps. To enable developers to leverage BCTs and other app features to optimize engagement in specific contexts and individual characteristics, we need a better understanding of how BCTs are associated with different components of engagement. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022312596.

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Authors: Milne-Ives, M., Homer, S. R., Andrade, J., & Meinert, E.
Affiliations: University of Plymouth (GB)
Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Meinert, Edward
ORCID: Homer, Sophie R.
Andrade, Jackie
Meinert, Edward
Venue: Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2023-09-18
Volume: 14
Pages: 1227443-1227443
ISSN: 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227443
PMC: PMC10545861
OpenAlex: W4386847941
Cited by: 69
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 8
FWCI: 3.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders: Imperial College London
Newcastle University
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: behaviour change techniques, mobile health apps, user engagement, digital health interventions, goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback, prompts and cues, reward, social support, behavioral theory

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Potential associations between behavior change techniques and engagement with mobile health apps: a systematic review

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