Associations Between Digital Health Intervention Engagement, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of digital health interventions is commonly assumed to be related to the level of user engagement with the digital health intervention, including measures of both digital health intervention use and users’ subjective experience. However, little is known about the relationships between the measures of digital health intervention engagement and physical activity or sedentary behavior. Objective: This study aims to describe the direction and strength of the association between engagement with digital health interventions and physical activity or sedentary behavior in adults and explore whether the direction of association of digital health intervention engagement with physical activity or sedentary behavior varies with the type of engagement with the digital health intervention (ie, subjective experience, activities completed, time, and logins). Methods: Four databases were searched from inception to December 2019. Grey literature and reference lists of key systematic reviews and journals were also searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they examined a quantitative association between a measure of engagement with a digital health intervention targeting physical activity and a measure of physical activity or sedentary behavior in adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies that purposely sampled or recruited individuals on the basis of pre-existing health-related conditions were excluded. In addition, studies were excluded if the individual engaging with the digital health intervention was not the target of the physical activity intervention, the study had a non–digital health intervention component, or the digital health interventions targeted multiple health behaviors. A random effects meta-analysis and direction of association vote counting (for studies not included in meta-analysis) were used to address objective 1. Objective 2 used vote counting on the direction of the association. Results: Overall, 10,653 unique citations were identified and 375 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 19 studies (26 associations) were included in the review, with no studies reporting a measure of sedentary behavior. A meta-analysis of 11 studies indicated a small statistically significant positive association between digital health engagement (based on all usage measures) and physical activity (0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.14, SD 0.11). Heterogeneity was high, with 77% of the variation in the point estimates explained by the between-study heterogeneity. Vote counting indicated that the relationship between physical activity and digital health intervention engagement was consistently positive for three measures: subjective experience measures (2 of 3 associations), activities completed (5 of 8 associations), and logins (6 of 10 associations). However, the direction of associations between physical activity and time-based measures of usage (time spent using the intervention) were mixed (2 of 5 associations supported the hypothesis, 2 were inconclusive, and 1 rejected the hypothesis). Conclusions: The findings indicate a weak but consistent positive association between engagement with a physical activity digital health intervention and physical activity outcomes. No studies have targeted sedentary behavior outcomes. The findings were consistent across most constructs of engagement; however, the associations were weak.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This finding is consistent with previous research highlighting the role of continuous engagement in the effectiveness of digital health interventions.
“This finding is consistent with previous research that has highlighted the role of continuous engagement in the effectiveness of digital health interventions25–27.”
From Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management. (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
The Abstract (Conclusions; page unavailable) reports a weak but consistent positive association between engagement with physical-activity digital health interventions and physical-activity outcomes. The Results (Objective 2; page unavailable) find mixed associations for time spent using an intervention. The review therefore supports a role for engagement, but does not establish that continuous engagement improves intervention effectiveness generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554 · see citing works
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225 · see citing works
Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline
Campbell, M., McKenzie, J. E., Sowden, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Brennan, S. E., Ellis, S., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Ryan, R., Shepperd, S., Thomas, J., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l6890 · Cited by 4,628 · see citing works
Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., & Alter, D. A. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-1651 · Cited by 2,726 · see citing works
Ekelund, U., Tarp, J., Steene-Johannessen, J., Hansen, B. H., Jefferis, B., Fagerland, M. W., Whincup, P., Diaz, K. M., Hooker, S. P., Chernofsky, A., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4570 · Cited by 1,769 · see citing works
Panethnic Differences in Blood Pressure in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Modesti, P. A., Reboldi, G., Cappuccio, F. P., Agyemang, C., Remuzzi, G., Rapi, S., Perruolo, E., Parati, G., & ESH Working Group on CV Risk in Low Resource Settings (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147601 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Dobbins, M., Husson, H., DeCorby, K., & LaRocca, R. L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub2 · Cited by 1,358 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We used the modified versions of published search filters for physical activity and sedentary behavior [28], engagement [20], and DHIs [20,29,30].”
MethodPerski, O., Blandford, A., West, R., & Michie, S. (2017) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-016-0453-1 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Hilpert, M., Brockmeier, K., Dordel, S., Koch, B., Weiß, V., Ferrari, N., Tokarski, W., & Gräf, C. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000464105 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
O’Brien, H. L., Cairns, P., & Hall, M. (2018) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.01.004 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies
Donkin, L., Christensen, H., Naismith, S. L., Neal, B., Hickie, I. B., & Glozier, N. (2011) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1772 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Michie, S., Yardley, L., West, R., Patrick, K., & Greaves, F. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7126 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Conducting systematic reviews of association (etiology): The Joanna Briggs Institute's approach
Moola, S., Munn, Z., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., Currie, M., Lisy, K., Tufanaru, C., Qureshi, R., Mattis, P., & Mu, P. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000064 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Maher, C. A., Lewis, L. K., Ferrar, K., Marshall, S., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Vandelanotte, C. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2952 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Measuring and Influencing Physical Activity with Smartphone Technology: A Systematic Review
Roig, J. B., Gilson, N. D., Puig-Ribera, A. M., Contreras-Espinosa, R. S., & Trost, S. G. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0142-5 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Flores Mateo, G., Granado-Font, E., Ferré-Grau, C., & Montaña-Carreras, X. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4836 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Iribarren, S. J., Cato, K., Falzon, L., & Stone, P. W. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170581 · Cited by 519 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to address physical inactivity, as they are accessible by large proportions of the population and can be delivered with high effectiveness at a low cost [5,6].”
BackgroundMeta-analysis of internet-delivered interventions to increase physical activity levels
Davies, C. A., Spence, J. C., Vandelanotte, C., Caperchione, C. M., & Mummery, W. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-52 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Can smartphone apps increase physical activity? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Romeo, A., Edney, S., Plotnikoff, R., Curtis, R., Ryan, J., Sanders, I., Crozier, A., & Maher, C. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12053 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
The Diabetes Network Internet-Based Physical Activity Intervention
McKay, H. G., King, D., Eakin, E. G., Seeley, J. R., & Glasgow, R. E. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.8.1328 · Cited by 363 · cited 3× · see citing works
“McKay et al [21] additionally found website exposure (usage) to be associated with higher increases in physical activity.”
BackgroundMethodDobbins, M., DeCorby, K., Robeson, P., Husson, H., & Tirilis, D. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
User engagement in mental health apps: A review of measurement, reporting, and validity
Ng, M. M., Firth, J., Minen, M., & Torous, J. (2019) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800519 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Prompts to Promote Engagement With Digital Interventions: A Systematic Review
Alkhaldi, G., Hamilton, F. L., Lau, R., Webster, R., Michie, S., & Murray, E. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4790 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Pandey, A., Salahuddin, U., Garg, S., Ayers, C., Kulinski, J., Anand, V., Mayo, H., Kumbhani, D. J., de Lemos, J., & Berry, J. D. (2016) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.1567 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
A Comparison of Internet and Print-Based Physical Activity Interventions
Marcus, B. H. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.944 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Müller, A. M., Alley, S., Schoeppe, S., & Vandelanotte, C. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0434-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Donkin, L., Hickie, I. B., Christensen, H., Naismith, S. L., Neal, B., Cockayne, N. L., & Glozier, N. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2771 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Müller, A. M., Maher, C. A., Vandelanotte, C., Hingle, M., Middelweerd, A., Lopez, M. L., DeSmet, A., Short, C. E., Nathan, N., Hutchesson, M. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8954 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Maher, C., Ferguson, M., Vandelanotte, C., Plotnikoff, R., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Thomas, S., Nelson-Field, K., & Olds, T. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4086 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Nieminen, P. A., Lehtiniemi, H., Vähäkangas, K., Huusko, A., & Rautio, A. (2022) · Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health · doi:10.2427/8854 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cole-Lewis, H., Ezeanochie, N., & Turgiss, J. (2019) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/14052 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Determinants for Sustained Use of an Activity Tracker: Observational Study
Hermsen, S., Moons, J., Kerkhof, P., Wiekens, C. J., & de Groot, M. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7311 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Wolfenden, L., Goldman, S., Stacey, F. G., Grady, A., Kingsland, M., Williams, C. M., Wiggers, J. H., Milat, A., Rissel, C. E., Bauman, A. E., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012439.pub2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationPerski, O., Blandford, A., Ubhi, H. K., West, R., & Michie, S. (2017) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0422-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Carr, L. J., Bartee, R. T., Dorozynski, C., Broomfield, J. F., Smith, M. L., & Smith, D. T. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.005 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Morrison, L. G. (2015) · DIGITAL HEALTH · doi:10.1177/2055207615595335 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Edney, S., Ryan, J. C., Olds, T., Monroe, C., Fraysse, F., Vandelanotte, C., Plotnikoff, R., Curtis, R., & Maher, C. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14645 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Mixed‐methods approach to measuring user experience in online news interactions
O'Brien, H. L., & Lebow, M. (2013) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22871 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Bossen, D., Buskermolen, M., Veenhof, C., de Bakker, D. H., & Dekker, J. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2742 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jahangiry, L., Farhangi, M. A., Shab‐Bidar, S., Rezaei, F., & Pashaei, T. (2017) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.06.005 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Randomized trial of a neighborhood environment-focused physical activity website intervention
Ferney, S. L., Marshall, A. L., Eakin, E. G., & Owen, N. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.10.022 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Wanner, M., Martin‐Diener, E., Braun‐Fahrländer, C., Bauer, G. F., & Martin, B. W. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1179 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Davies, C., Corry, K., Itallie, A. K. V., Vandelanotte, C., Caperchione, C. M., & Mummery, W. K. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1792 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
An Initial Evaluation of the Impact of Pokémon GO on Physical Activity
Xian, Y., Xu, H., Xu, H., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.005341 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hansen, A. W., Grønbæk, M., Helge, J. W., Severin, M., Curtis, T., & Tolstrup, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2109 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pokémon GO and Physical Activity in Asia: Multilevel Study
Ben, D., Ng, S. L., Schwanen, T., Zacharias, J., Zhou, M., Kawachi, I. I., & Sun, G. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9670 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
What makes online substance-use interventions engaging? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Milward, J., Drummond, C., Fincham-Campbell, S., & Deluca, P. (2018) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/2055207617743354 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Marquet, O., Alberico, C. O., & Hipp, J. A. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.028 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Looyestyn, J., Kernot, J., Boshoff, K., & Maher, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7862 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Systematic literature review of Internet interventions across health behaviors
Hou, S., Charlery, S.-A. R., & Roberson, K. (2014) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.895368 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vandelanotte, C., Duncan, M. J., Kolt, G. S., Caperchione, C. M., Savage, T. N., Itallie, A. K. V., Oldmeadow, C. J., Alley, S., Tague, R., Maeder, A. J., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099437 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
User attitudes towards physical activity websites in a randomized controlled trial
Lewis, B., Williams, D., Dunsiger, S., Sciamanna, C., Whiteley, J., Napolitano, M., Bock, B., Jakicic, J., Getz, M., & Marcus, B. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.07.020 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hoj, T. H., Covey, E., Jones, A. C., Haines, A., Hall, C. P., Crookston, B. T., & West, J. H. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7206 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Katz, M. H. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511712074.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Carr, L. J., Bartee, R. T., Dorozynski, C. M., Broomfield, J. F., Smith, M. L., & Smith, D. T. (2009) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.6.4.444 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Associations between Digital Health Intervention Engagement and Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review
Delaney, T. M., McLaughlin, M. J., Hall, A. E., Yoong, S. L., Brown, A., O’Brien, K. M., Dray, J., Barnes, C., Hollis, J., Wyse, R., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093281 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationLinke, S., DUNSIGER, S. I., Gans, K. M., Hartman, S. J., Pekmezi, D., Larsen, B. A., Mendoza-Vasconez, A. S., & Marcus, B. H. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13063 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bronner, S., Pinsker, R., & Noah, J. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.047 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lieber, S. B., Redberg, R. F., Blumenthal, R. S., Gandhi, A., Robb, K. J., & Mora, S. (2012) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.02.017 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sexual and Reproductive Health
(2018) · Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7384-5.ch004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
KWAN, M. Y. W., Faulkner, G., & Bray, S. R. (2013) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2099 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Rebar, A. L., Boles, C., Burton, N. W., Duncan, M. J., Short, C. E., Happell, B., Kolt, G. S., Caperchione, C. M., Rosenkranz, R. R., & Vandelanotte, C. (2016) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2016.08.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Edney, S. M., Looyestyn, J., Ryan, J. C., Kernot, J., & Maher, C. A. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/iby006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
(2022) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6097 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
(2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0658-7.00034-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Associations between digital health intervention engagement and dietary intake: a systematic review
Delaney, T., Mclaughlin, M., Yoong, S. L., et al. (2018) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.32035.71203 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [34]Wells G Shea B O'Connell J The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non randomised studies in meta-analyses Ohrica 2014 2020-12-23 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288802810_The_Newcastle-Ottawa_Scale_NOS_for_Assessing_The_Quality_of_Nonrandomised_Studies_in_Meta-analyses
- [36]Michael BLJ When Does it Make Sense to Perform a Meta‐Analysis? Chapter 40 2009 2020
- [61]Brooke J SUS -- a quick and dirty usability scale - 1996 Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Taylor & Francis A
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Application of standardized regression coefficient in meta-analysis
Nieminen, P. (2022) · BioMedInformatics · doi:10.3390/biomedinformatics2030028 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Gkintoni, E., Vantaraki, F., Skoulidi, C., Anastassopoulos, P., & Vantarakis, A. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14020102 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Digitization and Health in Germany: Cross-sectional Nationwide Survey
De Santis, K. K., Jahnel, T., Sina, E., Wienert, J., & Zeeb, H. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/32951 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Digitization and Health in Germany: Cross-sectional Nationwide Survey (Preprint)
De Santis, K. K., Jahnel, T., Sina, E., Wienert, J., & Zeeb, H. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.32951 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Milne-Ives, M., Homer, S. R., Andrade, J., & Meinert, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227443 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Santiago-Torres, M., Miao, Z., Perski, O., & Di, C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39208 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Impact of digital health interventions on glycemic control and weight management.
Veluvali, A., Dehghani Zahedani, A., Hosseinian, A., Aghaeepour, N., McLaughlin, T., Woodward, M., DiTullio, A., Hashemi, N., & Snyder, M. P. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01430-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smith, A. ‘., Bamgboje‐Ayodele, A., Jegathees, S., Butow, P., Klein, B., Salter, M., Turner, J., Fardell, J., Thewes, B., Sharpe, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-022-01233-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mclaughlin, M., Delaney, T., Hall, A., Byaruhanga, J., Mackie, P., Grady, A., Reilly, K., Campbell, E., Sutherland, R., Wiggers, J., & Wolfenden, L.
- Affiliations
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mclaughlin, Matthew
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2021-02-19
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e23180
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8011420
- OpenAlex
- W3166581595
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- digital health interventions, user engagement, physical activity, sedentary behavior, subjective experience, login frequency, usage time, adults, health behavior change, mobile health apps, eHealth apps, wearable devices, remote patient monitoring, telecare, telemedicine
- MeSH terms
- Internet-Based Intervention, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Health Behavior, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
