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The Ethics of Realism in Virtual and Augmented Reality
Open accessAbstract
In this paper we consider ethical issues that could emerge with the widespread adoption ofvirtual and augmented reality (XR) as a consumer product. Our major focus is on a likelyfuture where, with technological advances, virtual and augmented reality may becomeindistinguishable from reality thanks to the improvements in sensory feedback, in the abilityto interact with virtual features, and in other elements that enhance the realism of the virtualexperience—what we refer to as superrealism. In the introductory section we first considermore general ethical issues related to XR use, and in later sections we consider issues specificto superrealism in XR. Finally, we propose approaches towards remedies and outline a seriesof scientific questions targeted at the research community. This work is the result of a groupmeeting under the auspices of Digital Catapult in London, and reports findings of theirdiscussions. The intention of this paper is to highlight important areas for consideration bythe wider XR community, and provoke the discussion and further research needed toinvestigate and address these important topics.
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“privacy concerns have already been raised (Slater et al. 2020;Spiegel 2018) and must continue to be discussed within clinical research”
From Better, Virtually: the Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as Slater et al. 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Slater, M., Gonzalez-Liencres, C., Haggard, P., Vinkers, C., Gregory-Clarke, R., Jelley, S., Watson, Z., Breen, G., Schwarz, R., Steptoe, W., Szostak, D., Halan, S., Fox, D., & Silver, J.
- Affiliations
- Digital Catapult (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Magic Leap (United States) (US)
- British Broadcasting Corporation (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Meta (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Meta (United States) (US)
- Nesta (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Slater, Mel
- Venue
- Frontiers in Virtual Reality
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-03-03
- Volume
- 1
- ISSN
- 2673-4192 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3009436916
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 40.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Virtual Reality (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (742989)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Communication › Cultural Studies and Postmodernism
- Keywords
- ethics of virtual reality, hyperrealism, sensory feedback, consumer technology adoption, virtual and augmented reality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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