Individual differences in Scanpaths correspond with serotonin transporter genotype and behavioral phenotype in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
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Scanpaths (the succession of fixations and saccades during spontaneous viewing) contain information about the image but also about the viewer. To determine the viewer-dependent factors in the scanpaths of monkeys, we trained three adult males (Macaca mulatta) to look for 3 s at images of conspecific facial expressions with either direct or averted gaze. The subjects showed significant differences on four basic scanpath parameters (number of fixations, fixation duration, saccade length, and total scanpath length) when viewing the same facial expression/gaze direction combinations. Furthermore, we found differences between monkeys in feature preference and in the temporal order in which features were visited on different facial expressions. Overall, the between-subject variability was larger than the within- subject variability, suggesting that scanpaths reflect individual preferences in allocating visual attention to various features in aggressive, neutral, and appeasing facial expressions. Individual scanpath characteristics were brought into register with the genotype for the serotonin transporter regulatory gene (5-HTTLPR) and with behavioral characteristics such as expression of anticipatory anxiety and impulsiveness/hesitation in approaching food in the presence of a potentially dangerous object.
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Monkeys Q, Z, and G spent 39.1%, 26.8%, and 17.2% of time fixating the eyes of movie monkeys, even though the eyes occupied only 2.6% of the video frames.
“even though the eyes occupied only 2.6% of the video frames, monkeys Q, Z, and G spent 39.1%, 26.8%, and 17.2% fixating them.”
From Neurons in the Monkey Amygdala Detect Eye Contact during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Gibboni, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gibboni, Robert
- ORCID
- Gibboni, Robert
- Venue
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 50-50
- ISSN
- 1662-5153 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2784083
- OpenAlex
- W2076890546
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (#52005889)
- University of Arizona
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 070836, R01MH070836)
- California National Primate Research Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- eye movements, scan paths, serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR, rhesus monkeys, facial expressions, gaze direction, visual attention, individual differences, anticipatory anxiety, impulsivity, approach behavior, feature preferences
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