The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review
Open accessAbstract
There is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It may be attributed to the fact that HT (e.g., gallic acid subunits) directly inhibit methanogens, but the action of CT on rumen CH4 production is variable (172, 207).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [172]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Johnson, K. A., & Johnson, D. E. (1995) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1995.7382483x · Cited by 2,714 · cited 1×
“Methane emissions also account for 6% to 12% of energy intake in ruminants [3], representing a potential inefficiency.”
Background(2013) · Cited by 2,540
Makkar, H. P. S. (2003) · Small Ruminant Research · doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00142-1 · Cited by 1,216
Thauer, R. K. (1998) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-144-9-2377 · Cited by 1,142
Hristov, A. N., Oh, J., Firkins, J. L., Dijkstra, J., Kebreab, E., Waghorn, G. C., Makkar, H. P. S., Adesogan, A. T., Yang, W. Z., Lee, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2013-6583 · Cited by 1,086
Min, B. R., Barry, T. N., Attwood, G. T., & McNabb, W. C. (2003) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00041-5 · Cited by 1,062
Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition
Patra, A. K., & Saxena, J. (2010) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.4152 · Cited by 878
Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes
Reed, J. D. (1995) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1995.7351516x · Cited by 792
Waghorn, G. C. (2007) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.013 · Cited by 791
Terrill, T. H., Rowan, A., Douglas, G. B., & Barry, T. N. (1992) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740580306 · Cited by 782
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 86 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Waghorn, 2002, Methanogenesis from forages fed to New Zealand ruminants, Proc. N. Z. Grassl. Assoc., 64, 167
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–185 of 185
Hilgers, B., Böttger, C., Weiß, K., Gerlach, K., & Südekum, K. (2025) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116430 · Cited by 4
Cremonesi, P., Severgnini, M., Battelli, M., Monistero, V., Penati, M., Gazzonis, A. L., Castiglioni, B., Rapetti, L., Manfredi, M. T., & Addis, M. F. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1595924 · Cited by 7
Innovative lipid delivery systems in ruminant diets: the role of spray drying
de Oliveira, T. T. B., Ferreira, T. C. S., Tavares, P. P. L. G., Correia, P. R. C., Ribeiro, C. V. D. M., & de Souza, C. O. (2025) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1619263 · Cited by 4
Vera, N., Suescun-Ospina, S. T., Gutiérrez-Gómez, C., Williams, P., Fuentealba, C., Allende, R., & Ávila–Stagno, J. (2024) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2024.101406 · Cited by 4
Mora, B., Calabrò, S., Cutrignelli, M. I., Barbier, E., Haroutounian, S. A., Yanza, Y. R., Jayanegara, A., Torrent, A., Vastolo, A., Hoste, H., et al. (2025) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2025.2527717 · Cited by 4
Prodanović, R., Bošnjaković, D., Djordjevic, A. D., Simeunović, P., Arsić, S., Mitrović, A., Jovanović, L., Vujanac, I., Kirovski, D., & Nedić, S. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15152238 · Cited by 4
Condensed Tannins Attributes: Potential Solution to Fescue Toxicosis?
Poudel, S., Zeller, W. E., Fike, J. H., & Pent, G. J. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13030672 · Cited by 4
Rigobello, I. L., Cardoso, A. D. S., Fonseca, N. V. B., Ongaratto, F., da Silva, M. M., Bahia, A. S. R. D. S., Dornellas, I. A., & Reis, R. A. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14071112 · Cited by 4
Novel Antioxidants for Animal Nutrition
Rossi, L., & Dell’Anno, M. (2024) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-7258-1157-1 · Cited by 5
Islamy, R. A., Hasan, V., MAMAT, N., Kilawati, Y., & Maimunah, Y. (2024) · IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES · doi:10.36103/dywdqs57 · Cited by 4
Zhu, X., Dou, X., Su, T., Ye, L., Zhang, L., Liu, H., & Han, D. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13040933 · Cited by 4
González, F. A., Cosentino, V. R. N., Loza, C., Cerón‐Cucchi, M. E., Williams, K. E., Bualó, R., Costantini, A., & Gere, J. I. (2024) · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1080/00288233.2024.2333841 · Cited by 4
Recent Nutritional Advances to Mitigate Methane Emission in Cattle: A Review
Hadipour, A., Mohit, A., Kuhi, H. D., & Hashemzadeh, F. (2021) · Iranian journal of applied animal science · Cited by 4
Rahman, M. A., Yasmin, M. S., WYNN, P. C., Chowdhury, R., Islam, K. M. S., & Al-Mamun, M. (2025) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.70714 · Cited by 3
INTERACCIÓN TANINOS VEGETALES, MICROBIOTA RUMINAL Y METABOLISMO DEL RUMIANTE
Espinoza-Velasco, B., & Ramírez-Mella, M. (2021) · Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems · doi:10.56369/tsaes.3969 · Cited by 4
Assessing the efficacy of date-pits holocellulose as a novel additive candidate for ruminant feeding
Al-Hasani, F., El‐Zaiat, H. M., Al‐Kharousi, K., Rahman, M. S., Al‐Khalili, M., & Al-Habsi, N. A. (2024) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-024-04071-2 · Cited by 3
Ahmed, M. G., El-Zarkouny, S. Z., Al-Sagheer, A. A., & Elwakeel, E. A. (2025) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-024-04259-6 · Cited by 3
Hassen, A., Tesfamariam, E. H., Pepeta, B. N., & Tasfamariam, E. N. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0284.v1 · Cited by 3
Loregian, K. E., Silva, M. J., Dourado, S., Guimarães, J., Amâncio, B. R., Magnani, E., da Silva, T. H., Branco, R. H., Benedeti, P. D. B., & de Paula, E. M. (2025) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation11020094 · Cited by 2
Cherdthong, A., Sombuddee, N., Lukbun, S., Kanakai, N., Srichompoo, P., Jaikan, W., Phaengphairee, P., Haitook, T., Chankaew, S., & Suntara, C. (2025) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-025-04733-9 · Cited by 2
MacAdam, J. W., Villalba, J. J., Lagrange, S., Stewart, E. K., Pitcher, L. R., Slebodnik, K. A., Norton, J. M., Reeve, J. R., Zhang, Y., Bolletta, A. I., et al. (2025) · Grass and Forage Science · doi:10.1111/gfs.12719 · Cited by 2
Miao, X., Bai, C., Chen, G., Sun, J., Du, H., Shen, C., Huo, W., Liu, Q., Wang, C., Chen, L., et al. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13102327 · Cited by 2
Zhang, J., He, Y., Chen, Z., Hou, F., Guo, D., & Wang, J. (2025) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71015 · Cited by 2
Givnish, T. J. (2025) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.1002/ajb2.70115 · Cited by 2
Alhuur, K. R. G., Ramdani, D., Wahyuni, I. S., Rukayadi, Y., & Levita, J. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.2147/jep.s555718 · Cited by 2
Elihasridas, E., Pazla, R., Antonius, A., Yanti, G., Ikhlas, Z., Fitri, Y., Zulfadillah, J., Bariva, M. A., Subhi, M. A., Triana, N., et al. (2025) · Andalasian Livestock · doi:10.25077/alive.v2.n2.p178-182.2025 · Cited by 2
Kim, K.-M., Baeg, C.-H., Ullah, W., Lee, S. S., Seong, H.-J., Jang, Y.-S., Kim, S. C., & Kim, J.-H. (2025) · Applied Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1186/s13765-025-01068-9 · Cited by 2
Xu, Z., Ma, S., Zhou, Y., Wu, X., Zhou, J., & Yang, F. (2026) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-026-08507-9 · Cited by 2
Aragadvay-Yungán, R. G., Lozano, N. V. A., Aragón, J. J. M., Moposita, D. A. M., Barros-Rodríguez, M. A., Pech-Cervantes, A. A., Guishca-Cunuhay, C., & Salem, A. Z. M. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16101017 · Cited by 2
Mbambalala, L., & Mbatha, K. R. (2026) · Ruminants · doi:10.3390/ruminants6030047 · Cited by 2
Nitrogen bound to manure fiber is increased by applications of simple phenolic acids
Halvorson, J. J., Kronberg, S. L., Christensen, R. G., Hagerman, A. E., & Archer, D. W. (2022) · CABI Agriculture and Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s43170-022-00078-7 · Cited by 2
Environmental impact of feed additives in cattle production
Kebreab, E. (2023) · American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings · doi:10.21423/aabppro20228607 · Cited by 3
Repetto, J. L., Falero, E. Y. C. B., Castro, G., Santana, Á., & Cajarville, C. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15040594 · Cited by 7
Zhang, J., He, Y., Zhang, H., Xing, Y., Li, A., Guo, D., & Wang, J. (2025) · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1080/00288233.2025.2486021 · Cited by 2
Beneficial Microorganisms in the Anaerobic Digestion of Cattle and Swine Excreta
Vidal-Espinosa, P.-S., Álvarez-Vera, M., Cárdenas, A., & Cobos-Torres, J.-C. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086482 · Cited by 1
Gaspe, R. F. A., Bestil, L. C., & Obitsu, T. (2023) · Annals of tropical research/Annals of tropical research (Visayas State University-Online) · doi:10.32945/atr4526.2023 · Cited by 1
Rugwete, N., Mutibvu, T., & Halimani, T. E. (2024) · Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research · doi:10.18805/ajdfr.drf-333 · Cited by 1
Alpine pasture plant species affect in vitro rumen methane production and kinetics
Romanzin, A., Cabbia, A., Braidot, M., & Spanghero, M. (2024) · Italian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1080/1828051x.2024.2402025 · Cited by 1
Pastoreo en la media montaña mediterránea para mitigar el cambio climático
Martínez, T. L., Cortijos‐López, M., & Nadal‐Romero, E. (2024) · Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica · doi:10.18172/cig.6356 · Cited by 1
Özer, K. U. R. T. (2025) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.25259/jksus_285_2024 · Cited by 1
Klein, M. L., Erikson, C. B., McCabe, C., Huang, L., Rodrigues, J. L. M., & Mitloehner, F. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1570127 · Cited by 1
Adetola, C., Egbinola, F., Alabi, O., Adebayo, M., & Ojo, R. (2025) · Discover Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s44279-025-00362-w · Cited by 2
Shende, A. P., & Chidambaram, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-9764-9_14 · Cited by 1
Cruz-Matías, C., Nova, F. A., Nahed-Toral, J., Herrera-Camacho, J., Vázquez, R. J. T., González-Ronquillo, M., & Ortega, O. A. C. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16020153 · Cited by 1
Quintana-Zamora, J., Andrade-Yucailla, V., Cruz, R. M. Y.-D. L., Contreras-Barros, K., Barros-Rodríguez, M. A., Guishca-Cunuhay, C., Iraola, J. G., & Pech-Cervantes, A. A. (2026) · Ruminants · doi:10.3390/ruminants6010011 · Cited by 1
Muzzo, B. I., & Provenza, F. D. (2026) · Recent Progress in Nutrition · doi:10.21926/rpn.2602004 · Cited by 1
Ng’ambi, J. W. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1015050 · Cited by 1
Sasongko, W. T., Jayanegara, A., Astuti, D. A., Syahputra, A. R., Widodo, S., & Wahyono, T. (2023) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20238100001 · Cited by 1
Klein, M. L., Zhu‐Barker, X., Mejia-Turcios, S. E., Horwáth, W. R., & Mitloehner, F. M. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179497 · Cited by 1
Shiningavamwe, K. L., Mupangwa, J., Lutaaya, E., Halmemies‐Beauchet‐Filleau, A., & Vanhatalo, A. (2026) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-026-05093-8 · Cited by 1
Mathobela, R. M., Ng’ambi, J. W., BROWN, D., & Chitura, T. (2022) · Applied Ecology and Environmental Research · doi:10.15666/aeer/2002_11391151
Manoni, M., Terranova, M., Amelchanka, S. L., Pinotti, L., Silacci, P., & Tretola, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4332352 · Cited by 1
Mogelijke risico's nieuwe emissie-reducerende producten voor herkauwers
Groot, M. J., & van de Aa, A. (2021) · doi:10.18174/548147
Cremonesi, P., Severgnini, M., Battelli, M., Monistero, V., Penati, M., Gazzonis, A. L., Castiglioni, B., Rapetti, L., Manfredi, M. T., & Addis, M. F. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3317749/v1
Akitomo, T., Kusaka, S., Kametani, M., Mitsuhata, C., Naka, S., Matsumoto‐Nakano, M., Nakano, K., & Nomura, R. (2024) · Pediatric Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.pdj.2024.03.004
Dutta, T. K., Gupta, R., Chatterjee, A., Das, S. K., Mandal, D. K., Bhakat, C., Mohammad, A., & Rai, S. (2025) · Agroforestry Systems · doi:10.1007/s10457-025-01282-w
da Silva, W. A., Soares, I. L., Leal, L. P., Vasconcelos, R. B., Menezes, G. M., Costa, J. C., Fonseca, S. G. D. C., & Bandeira, M. A. M. (2025) · Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology · doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2025241061
Hazelnut skins as a new sustainable ingredient for beef cattle diets
Vicuna, E. D., Fiorilla, E., Srikanthithasan, K., Zambotto, V., Bianchi, C. L., Riondato, F., Renna, M., Odore, R., Badino, P., Gardini, G., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-22896-1
Matti-Alapafuja, A. O., Ahmed, E., Noronha, A. M. D. C. G., Matti-Sanni, R. O., HANADA, M., Fukuma, N. M., & Nishida, T. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16030489
Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Zong, W., Zhang, H., Xing, Y., Hou, F., Guo, D., & Wang, J. (2026) · New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1002/jag2.70011
Ibrahim, S. L., Adejoro, F. A., & Hassen, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-37214-6 · Cited by 1
Santoru, M., Frazzini, S., Elsabagh, M., Dell’Anno, M., Pinotti, L., & Rossi, L. (2026) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11099-2
Narimane, K., Mateos, I., Saro, C., Lakhdara, N., Kerrour, M., & Ranilla, M. J. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16050849
Role of Tannins in Reducing Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock: A Case Study
Jimenez, L. E. R., Ramirez, K. I. G., Torres, X. J. S., Sánchez-Romero, R., González-Ronquillo, M., & González-Esquivel, C. E. (2026) · Animal Science Cases · doi:10.1079/animalsciencecases.2026.0006
Beye, A., Mbaye, T., Roessler, R., Ba, M. F., Ndiaye, O., Sow, F., Ngom, D., & Schlecht, E. (2026) · Archives of Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1080/1745039x.2026.2648635
Kiadii, O., & Li, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1843670
Mitchell, E., Henry, B. K., Peck, G., Charmley, E., Grace, P., & Eckard, R. (2026) · Australian Journal of Agricultural Research · doi:10.1071/cp25175
Edjem, T. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10217250/v1
Methane Emission Mitigation in Dairy Cows
Jalal, H., Giammarco, M., Vignola, G., & Fusaro, I. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52133-1_615-1
The potential to reduce methane emissions from grazing livestock in Australia
Charmley, E., Dougherty, J., & Gebbels, J. (2026) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an26080
Pazla, R., Natsir, A., Febrina, D., Zain, M., Arief, A., Antonius, A., Ikhlas, Z., Utami, Y., Putri, E. M., Yanti, G., et al. (2026) · Czech Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.17221/68/2026-cjas
Ungerfeld, E. M., Samoluk, M. F., Cancino‐Padilla, N., Jaurena, G., & Hackmann, T. J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10501563/v1
Khattab, I. M., Gabr, S. A., El-Hendawy, N. M., Nofel, N. A., Elwakeel, E. A., & Atia, S. E. S. (2026) · Archives of Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1080/1745039x.2026.2710977
Prachumchai, R., & Cherdthong, A. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16162447
Setyono, W., Putra, R. A., Husna, N. I., Haq, M. S., & Umami, N. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10261574/v1
Munidasa, S., Eckard, R., Cheng, L., Doran-Browne, N. A., & Cullen, B. R. (2026) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-27950
Valcl, N., & Lavrenčič, A. (2026) · Archives of Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1080/1745039x.2026.2729664
Zeeshan, A., Abdeali, G., Buckley, C., Coughlan, G., & Colbert, D. M. (2026) · Farming System · doi:10.1016/j.farsys.2026.100275
Feed additives as frontline tools in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural animals
Elghandour, M. M. M. Y., Adegbeye, M. J., & Salem, A. Z. M. (2026) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-026-05400-3
Benefits of tannin added to concentrate diets fed to ruminants and monogastric livestock
Caradus, J. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2026.1905042
Rahayu, F., Riajaya, P. D., Arifin, Z., Kadarwati, F. T., Amtiullah, A., Baswarsiati, B., Saefudin, S., Chopra, C., Abass, K. S., Pinheiro, R. S. B., et al. (2026) · Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s42398-026-00477-w
Methanogenesis of the Microbial Community in Ruminants and Methane Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Saeed, O. A., Alfalahi, A. O., Nayyef, O. H., Abdulqahar, F. W., Samsudin, A. A., AL-Farga, A. M., & Mokrını, F. (2026) · Industrial Biotechnology · doi:10.1177/15509087261496191
Metadata
- Authors
- Aboagye, I. A., & Beauchemin, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Beauchemin, Karen A.
- Venue
- Animals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-10-23
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 856
- ISSN
- 2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6912696
- OpenAlex
- W2981870312
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Federal Open Science Repository of Canada / Le Dépôt fédéral de science ouverte du Canada (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (PSS2314)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- tannins, enteric methane, ruminants, proanthocyanidins, hydrolysable tannins, molecular weight, tannin structure, urinary nitrogen excretion, rumen fermentation, gallic acid, animal performance, methane mitigation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review