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Cited by 186Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review

Open access
Aboagye, Isaac A., Beauchemin, Karen A.·2019·Animals
DOI 10.3390/ani9110856PMC PMC6912696
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Abstract

There is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.

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Figures

Figure 1 Subunits and interlinkage structures of flavan-3-ols occurring in condensed tannins, described as: (a) Procyanidin (catechin and epicatechin) and prodelphinidin (gallocatechin and epigallocatechin) condensed tannin subunits; and (b) 4,8- and 4,6-B-type interflavan linkage in condensed tannin oligomers and polymers. Source [14,26].
Figure 1 Subunits and interlinkage structures of flavan-3-ols occurring in condensed tannins, described as: (a) Procyanidin (catechin and epicatechin) and prodelphinidin (gallocatechin and epigallocatechin) condensed tannin subunits; and (b) 4,8- and 4,6-B-type interflavan linkage in condensed tannin oligomers and polymers. Source [14,26].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Subunits and interlinkage structures of gallotannin and ellagitannin in hydrolysable tannins, described as (a) β-1,2,3,4,5,6-pentagalloyl glucose forming gallotannin (tannic acid) and (b) casuarictin (ellagitannin) forming trimer of casuarictin (ellagitannin). Source [14,26].
Figure 2 Subunits and interlinkage structures of gallotannin and ellagitannin in hydrolysable tannins, described as (a) β-1,2,3,4,5,6-pentagalloyl glucose forming gallotannin (tannic acid) and (b) casuarictin (ellagitannin) forming trimer of casuarictin (ellagitannin). Source [14,26].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Model structure of phlorotannins. Source [24].
Figure 3 Model structure of phlorotannins. Source [24].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Waghorn, 2002, Methanogenesis from forages fed to New Zealand ruminants, Proc. N. Z. Grassl. Assoc., 64, 167

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Metadata

Authors
Aboagye, I. A., & Beauchemin, K. A.
Affiliations
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
Corresponding author
Beauchemin, Karen A.
ORCID
Venue
Animals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-10-23
Volume
9
Issue
11
Pages
856
ISSN
2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ani9110856
PMC
PMC6912696
OpenAlex
W2981870312
Cited by
186
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Federal Open Science Repository of Canada / Le Dépôt fédéral de science ouverte du Canada (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (PSS2314)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Keywords
tannins, enteric methane, ruminants, proanthocyanidins, hydrolysable tannins, molecular weight, tannin structure, urinary nitrogen excretion, rumen fermentation, gallic acid, animal performance, methane mitigation

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