Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) as a Protein Alternative and Their Effects on Productive Performances, Blood Parameters, Protein Digestibility, and Nutritional Value of Laying Hens’ Egg
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Protein is an essential nutrient for laying hens, playing a crucial role in egg production and supporting their overall health. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on 120 Lohmann Brown laying hens (aged 38 weeks). The layers were assigned randomly to three groups and housed in cages (twenty replicates × two birds/cage). All groups were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet (2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) with 17.8% crude protein (CP)). In contrast to conventional diet (CON), the experimental groups were supplemented primarily at the expense of soybean meal with 2.0% Chlorella vulgaris (CV2%) and 2.0% Spirulina platensis (SP2%). Their high concentrations of chlorophyll a (5.56; 9.06 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.88; 1.34 mg/g), and antioxidant activity expressed as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (73.29; 81.27 DPPH% inhibition) improved egg yolk quality. At the end of the trial, eighteen eggs/group (six yolk samples/group, three eggs/sample) were collected to determine the egg quality and nutritional parameters (fatty acids profile, cholesterol, β-carotene, yolk color, and antioxidant capacity). To determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), blood samples were collected at the end of the period. Microalgae inclusion increased (p < 0.05) the fatty acid content, ß-carotene concentration (p < 0.001), antioxidant capacity (p < 0.0001), and yolk color intensity (p < 0.001) significantly, especially the yolk redness a* color parameter, but without any significant results concerning cholesterol concentration. Boiling the eggs for 10 min significantly (p < 0.001) increased the b* color parameter on microalgae treatments. The supplementation of laying hens’ diet with microalgae positively influenced egg quality and nutritional properties.
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Nannochloropsis species excel in producing EPA, a long-chain omega-3 PUFA associated with cognitive support and lipid metabolism regulation.
“Nannochloropsis species excel in producing EPA, a long-chain omega-3 PUFA associated with cognitive support and lipid metabolism regulation [14,15].”
From Microalgae Bioactives for Functional Food Innovation and Health Promotion (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
The Introduction identifies microalgae as sources of EPA, and the Discussion describes omega-3 fatty acids including EPA as brain-protective. The paper does not say that Nannochloropsis species excel at producing EPA or link EPA to regulation of lipid metabolism; Nannochloropsis appears only in a reference title. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Panaite, T. D., Cornescu, G. M., Predescu, N. C., Cismileanu, A., Turcu, R. P., Saracila, M., & Soica, C.
- Affiliations
- National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (RO)
- University of Bucharest (RO)
- Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
- Corresponding author
- Panaite, Tatiana Dumitra
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-09-19
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 10451
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4386849887
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (PN 23-20 0101, 8PFE/2021)
- National Research Development Project to Finance Excellence (PN 23-20 0101, 8PFE/2021)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Keywords
- Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, microalgae supplementation, laying hens, egg quality, egg nutritional value, egg yolk color, beta-carotene, cholesterol, antioxidant capacity, blood parameters, protein digestibility, soybean meal replacement
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