The Motivation of Technological Scenarios in Augmented Reality (AR): Results of Different Experiments
Open accessAbstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is an emergent technology that is acquiring more and more relevance in teaching every day. Together with mobile technology, this combination arises as one of the most effective binomials to support significant and ubiquitous learning. Nevertheless, this binomial can only prove valid if the student is motivated to use it during the learning process. An attempt was made through the implementation of Keller’s Instructional Material Motivational Survey model o determine the degree of motivation of Pedagogy, Medicine and Art students from the University of Seville for using AR-enriched notes available by means of mobile devices in the classroom. Three applications designed for the subjects of Educational Technology, Anatomy and Art served to assess it positively in terms of the motivation raised by the participation in the experiment, as well as regarding academic performance improvement. It can additionally be stated that our main finding was a link between students’ motivation to use the enriched notes and the performance obtained in the subject in which they use them. Evidence was also found that the utilization of Augmented Reality benefits the learning process.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The content presented about exhibited elements does not consider the characteristics or needs of users.
“as the content presented about the exhibited elements does not consider the characteristics or needs of the users.”
From Motiv-ARCHE: co-creation of augmented reality educational content to motivate cultural and natural heritage learning (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
Section 2.4 describes AR content about artworks and other subjects, but does not say that information about exhibited elements fails to consider users’ characteristics or needs. The Introduction recommends student-oriented design rather than reporting that deficiency. Searches for “exhibited elements,” “needs of the users,” and visitor-tailored exhibition content found no passage establishing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople often lack motivation to visit heritage exhibitions.
“One problem faced by these institutions is that people often lack motivation to visit the exhibitions [8][9][10]”
From Motiv-ARCHE: co-creation of augmented reality educational content to motivate cultural and natural heritage learning (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Introduction describes an experiment with university students using AR learning materials, and §2.5 discusses motivation in an instructional context. Neither those passages nor searches for heritage exhibitions, museums, visitors, and motivation address whether people lack motivation to visit exhibitions. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Instructional Design Theories and Models
(1983) · doi:10.4324/9780203824283 · Cited by 2,192 · see citing works
A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage
Bekele, M. K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E. S., & Gain, J. (2018) · Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1145/3145534 · Cited by 1,147 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Augmented Reality (AR) is becoming an emergent technology with great potential in various and largely different fields of application, such as geography, with regard to watershed control [1], medicine, cultural heritage [2] or industry [3].”
BackgroundAugmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review
Ibáñez, M.-B., & Delgado-Kloos, C. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.002 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 75
- Pierdicca, R.; Frontoni, E.; Zingaretti, P.; Mancini, A.; Malinverni, E.S.; Tassetti, A.N.; Marcheggiani, E.; Galli, A. Smart maintenance of riverbanks using a standard data layer and Augmented Reality. Comp. Geosci. 2016, 95, 67-74. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Pierdicca, R.; Frontoni, E.; Pollini, R.; Trani, M.; Verdini, L. The use of augmented reality glasses for the application in industry 4.0. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics, Ugento, Italy, 12-15 June 2017;
- Reigeluth, C.M., Ed.; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ, USA, 1983; pp. 386-434.
- Cabero, J.; Barroso, J. The educational possibilities of Augmented Reality. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2016, 5, 544-550.
- Radu, I. Augmented reality in education: A meta-review and cross-media analysis. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 2014, 18, 1533-1543. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Bacca, J.; Baldiris, S.; Fabregat, R.; Graf, S. Augmented reality trends in education: A systematic review of research and applications. Educ. Technol. Soc. 2014, 17, 133-149.
- Cabero, J.; De la Horra, I.; Sánchez, J. (Eds.) La Realidad Aumentada como Herramienta Educativa; Paraninfo: Madrid, Spain, 2018.
- Del Río, L.; Sanz, C.; Búcari, N. Incidence of a hypermedia educational material on the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2019, 8, 50-57. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Mojarro Aliaño, Á.; Duarte Hueros, A.; Guzmán Franco, M.; Aguaded, I. Mobile learning in university contexts based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2019, 8, 7-17. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Loaiza, M.; Andrade Abarca, P.; del Cisne Salazar, Á. Determination of the innovative capacity of Ecuadorian universities. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2017, 6, 57-63. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Azuma, R.T. A Survey of augmented reality. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997; pp. 6355-6385.
- Vázquez Cano, E.; Sevillano-García, M.L. Ubiquitous educational use of mobile digital devices. A general and comparative study in Spanish and Latin America higher education. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2018, 7, 105-115. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Morales, M.; Benítez, C.; Silva, D.; Altamirano, M.; Mendoza, H.M. Aplicación móvil para el aprendizaje del inglés utilizando realidad aumentada. Rev. Iberoam. Prod. Acad. Gest. Educ. 2016, 2, 1-18.
- Fombona, J.; Vázquez, E. Posibilidades de utilización de la Geolocalización y Realidad Aumentada en el ámbito educativo. Educ. XX1 2017, 20, 319-342.
- Maquilón, J.J.; Mirete, A.; Avilés, M. La Realidad Aumentada (RA). Recursos y propuestas para la innovación educativa. Rev. Interuniv. Formación Prof. 2017, 20, 183-203. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Wojciechowski, R.; Cellary, W. Evaluation of learners' attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Comp. Educ. 2013, 68, 570-585. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Bacca, J.; Baldirisa, S.; Fabregat, R.; Kinshuk, K. Insights into the Factors Influencing Student Motivation in Augmented Reality Learning Experiences in Vocational Education and Training. Front. Psychol. 2018, 9, 1486. [CrossRef] [PubMed] · DOI
- Carozza, L.; Tingdahi, D.; Bosché, F.; Gool, L. Markerless Vision-Based Augmented Reality for Urban Planning. Comp. Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng. 2014, 29, 2-17. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Cubillo, J.; Martín, S.; Castro, M.; Colmenar, A. Recursos digitales autónomos mediante realidad aumentada. Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Distancia 2014, 17, 241-274.
- Jeřábek, T.; Rambousek, V.; Wildová, R. Specifics of Visual Perception of The Augmented Reality in The Context of Education. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2014, 159, 598-604. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Jamali, S.; Fairuz, M.; Wai, K.; Oskam, C.L. Utilising mobile-augmented reality for learning human anatomy. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2015, 197, 659-668. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Fonseca, D.; Redondo, E.; Valls, F. Motivación y mejora académica utilizando realidad aumentada para el estudio de modelos tridimensionales arquitectónicos. Educ. Knowl. Soc. 2016, 17, 1745-1764.
- Han, J.; Jo, M.; Hyun, E.; So, H. Examining young children's perception toward augmented reality-infused dramatic play. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 2015, 63, 455-474. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Santos, M.; Wolde, A.; Taketomi, T.; Yamamoto, G.; Rodrigo, M.; Sandor, C.; Kato, H. Augmented reality as multimedia: The case for situated vocabulary learning. Res. Pract. Technol. Enhanc. Learn. 2016, 11, 1-23. [CrossRef] [PubMed] · DOI
- Tekedere, H.; Göker, H. Examining the Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Applications in Education: A Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Educ. 2016, 11, 9469-9481.
- Marín, V. The augmented reality in the educational sphere of student of degree in childhood education. case study. Pixel Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2017, 51, 9-24.
- Wang, Y. Using augmented reality to support a software editing course for college students. J. Assist. Learn. 2017, 33, 532-546. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Prendes, C. Realidad aumentada y educación: Análisis de experiencias prácticas. Pixel Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2015, 46, 187-203.
- Alkhattabi, M. Augmented Reality as E-learning Tool in Primary Schools' Education: Barriers to Teachers' Adoption. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. 2017, 12, 91-100. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Cózar, R.; De Moya, M.; Hernández, J.; Hernández, J. Tecnologías emergentes para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales. Una experiencia con el uso de Realidad Aumentada en la formación inicial de maestros. Digit. Educ. Rev. 2015, 27, 138-153.
- Garay, U.; Tejada, E.; Maiz, I. Valoración de objetos educativos enriquecidos con realidad aumentada: Una experiencia con alumnado de máster universitario. Pixel Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2017, 50, 19-31. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Chen, C.M.; Tsai, Y. Interactive augmented reality system for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Comp. Educ. 2012, 59, 638-652. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Fombona, J.; Pascual, M.J.; Madeira, M.F. Realidad aumentada, una evolución de las aplicaciones de los dispositivos móviles. Píxel Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2012, 41, 197-210.
- Lee, I.; Chen, C.H.; Chang, K. Augmented reality technology combined with three-dimensional holography to train the mental rotation ability of older adults. Comp. Hum. Behav. 2016, 65, 488-500. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Akçayır, M.; Akçayır, G. Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educ. Res. Rev. 2017, 20, 1-11. [CrossRef] · DOI · Paper page
- Akçayır, M.; Akçayır, O.; Pektas, H.; Ocak, M. Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students' laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Comp. Hum. Behav. 2016, 57, 334-342. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Bicen, H.; Bal, E. Determination of student opinions in augmented reality. World J. Educ. Technol. Curr. Issues 2016, 8, 205-209. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Rodríguez, A.; Naranjo, M.; Duque, N. Prueba de usabilidad y satisfacción en objetos de aprendizaje con Realidad Aumentada en aplicaciones móviles. In Recursos Educativos Aumentados Una Oportunidad para la Inclusión; Baldiris, S., Ed.; Sello Editorial Tecnológico Comfenalco: Cartagena, Colombia, 2016; pp. 56-65.
- Cheng, K.-H. Reading an augmented reality book: An exploration of learners' cognitive load, motivation, and attitudes. Australas. J. Educ. Technol. 2017, 33, 53-69.
- Joo, J.; Martínez, F.; García-Bermejo, J.R. Realidad Aumentada y Navegación Peatonal Móvil con contenidos Patrimoniales: Percepción del aprendizaje. RIED Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Distancia 2017, 20, 93-118.
- Martínez, S.; Fernández, B. Objetos de Realidad Aumentada: Percepciones del alumnado de Pedagogía. Pixel Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2018, 53, 207-220. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Cabero, J.; García, F.; Arroyo, C. La producción de objetos de aprendizaje en Realidad Aumentada para la formación universitaria en el SAV de la Universidad de Sevilla. In Experiencias Interactivas con Realidad Aumentada en las Aulas; Villaustre, L., Del Moral, M.E., Eds.; Octaedro: Barcelona, Spain, 2016; pp. 19-30.
- Kim, K.; Hwang, J.; Zo, H. Understanding users' continuance intention toward smartphone augmented reality applications. Inf. Dev. 2016, 32, 161-174. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Díaz-Nogueras, D.; Toledo-Morales, P.; Hervás-Gómez, C. Augmented reality applications attitude scale (ARAAS): Diagnosing the attitudes of future teachers. N. Educ. Rev. 2017, 50, 215-226.
- Carbonnel, C.; Bermejo, L. Landscape interpretation with augmented reality and maps to improve spatial orientation skill. J. Geogr. Higher Educ. 2017, 41, 119-133. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Del-Cerro-Velázquez, F.; Morales-Méndez, G. Realidad Aumentada como herramienta de mejora de la inteligencia espacial en estudiantes de educación secundaria. RED Rev. Educ. Distancia 2017, 53. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Toledo, P.; Sánchez, J.M. Realidad Aumentada en Educación Primaria: Efectos sobre el aprendizaje. Relatec. Rev. Latinoam. Tecnol. Educ. 2017, 16, 79-92.
- Cabero, J.; Marín, V. Blended Learning y Realidad Aumentada: Experiencias de diseño docente. RIED Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Distancia 2018, 21, 57-74.
- Barroso, J.; Gallego, O. Producción de recursos de aprendizaje apoyados en Realidad Aumentada por parte de los estudiantes de magisterio. Edmetic. Rev. Educ. Mediát TIC 2017, 6, 23-38.
- Gallego, O.; Barroso, J.; Marín, V. Análisis de la motivación de los estudiantes universitarios como productores de recursos educativos utilizando la Realidad Aumentada. Espacios 2018, 39, 8.
- Joo Nagata, J. Modelo de Realidad Aumentada y Navegación Peatonal del Patrimonio Territorial: Diseño, Implementación y Evaluación Educativa. PhD Thesis, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Salamanca, Spain, 2016.
- Sans, A. Métodos de investigación de enfoque experimental. In Metodología de la Investigación Educativa; Bisquerra, R., Ed.; La Muralla: Madrid, Spain, 2004; pp. 167-193.
- Albert, M.J. La Investigación Educativa; McGraw-Hill: Madrid, Spain, 2006.
- Alaminos, A. El muestreo en la investigación social. In Elaboración, Análisis e Interpretación de Encuestas, Cuestionarios y Escalas de Opinión; Alaminos, A., Castejón, J.L., Eds.; Marfil: Alcoy, Spain, 2006; pp. 46-67.
- Sabariego, M. El proceso de investigación (parte 2). In Metodología de la Investigación Educativa; Bisquerra, R., Ed.; La Muralla: Madrid, Spain, 2012; pp. 127-163.
- Keller, J.M. Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Perform. Instr. 1987, 26, 1-7. [CrossRef] · DOI · Paper page
- Keller, J.M. Motivational Design for Learning and Performance; Springer Science + Business: New York, NY, USA, 2010.
- Hood Cattaneo, K. Telling Active Learning Pedagogies Apart: From theory to practice. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2017, 6, 144-152. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Loorbach, N.; Peters, O.; Karreman, J.; Steehouder, M. Validation of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) in a self-directed instructional setting aimed at working with technology. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2015, 46, 204-218. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Del Moral Pérez, M.; Guzmán Duque, A.; Fernández García, L. Game-Based Learning: Increasing the Logical- Mathematical, Naturalistic, and Linguistic Learning Levels of Primary School Students. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2018, 7, 31-39. [CrossRef] · DOI
- García Martínez, J.; Rigo, E.; Jiménez, R. Multimedia and Textual Reading Comprehension: Multimedia as Personal Learning Environment's Enriching Format. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2017, 6, 3-10. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Bolliger, D.U.; Supanakorn, S.; Boggs, C. Impact of podcasting on student motivation in the online learning environment. Comp. Educ. 2010, 55, 714-722. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Castaño, C.; Maiz, I.; Garay, U. Diseño, motivación y rendimiento en un curso MOOC cooperativo. Comunicar 2015, 44, 19-26.
- León-Urritia, M.; Cobos, R.; Dickens, K. MOOCs and their Influence on Higher Education Institutions: Perspectives from the Insiders. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2018, 7, 40-45. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Di Serio, A.; Blanca, M.; Delgado, C. Impact of an augmented reality system on students' motivation for a visual art course. Comp. Educ. 2013, 68, 586-596. [CrossRef] · DOI · Paper page
- Lu, S.; Liu, Y.-C. Integrating augmented reality technology to enhance children's learning in marine education. Environ. Educ. Res. 2015, 21, 525-541. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Wei, X.; Weng, D.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y. Teaching based on augmented reality for a technical creative design course. Comp. Educ. 2015, 81, 221-234. [CrossRef] · DOI
- García-López, L.; Gutiérrez, D.; Pastor, J.; Romo, V. Validity and Reliability of a Questionnaire on Primary and Secondary School Teachers' Perception of Teaching a Competence-based Curriculum Model. J. N. Approaches Educ. Res. 2018, 7, 46-51. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Mateo, J. La investigación ex-post-facto. In Metodología de la Investigación Educativa; Bisquerra, B., Ed.; La Muralla: Madrid, Spain, 2004; pp. 195-230.
- Lin, T.; Been-Lirn, H.; Li, N.; Wang, H.; Tsai, C.C. An investigation of learners' collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Comp. Educ. 2013, 68, 314-321. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Chang, H.; Wu, K.; Hsu, Y. Integrating a mobile augmented reality activity to contextualize student learning of a socioscientific issue. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2013, 44, E95-E99. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Buitrago-Pulido, R. Incidencia de la realidad aumentada sobre el estilo cognitivo: Caso para el estudio de las matemáticas. Educ. Educ. 2015, 18, 27-41. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Gazcón, N. Libros Aumentados: Extensión del Concepto, Exploración e Interacciones. PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 2015.
- Mehmet, H. The classification of augmented reality books: A literature review. In Proceedings of the INTED 2016 Conference, Valencia, Spain, 7-9 March 2016; pp. 4110-4118.
- Marín, V.; Cabero, J.; Gallego, O. Motivación y realidad aumentada: Alumnos como consumidores y productores de objetos de aprendizaje. Aula Abierta 2018, 47, 337-346. [CrossRef] · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vargas, J. C. G., Fabregat, R., Carrillo-Ramos, A., & Jové, T. (2025) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-025-07842-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cabero-Almenara, J., & Roig-Vila, R.
- Affiliations
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Pirotecnia, S/N, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- University of Alicante (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Roig-Vila, Rosabel
- ORCID
- Roig-Vila, Rosabel
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-19
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2907
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2962967470
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Deposito de Investigacion Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (EDU-5746-P – Rafodiun Project)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Augmented Reality Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- augmented reality, student motivation, mobile learning, academic performance, pedagogy students, medical students, art students, educational technology, anatomy education, ubiquitous learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review