The Dilemma of C-Rate and Cycle Life for Lithium-Ion Batteries under Low Temperature Fast Charging
Open accessAbstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) in severe cold regions face the real demand for fast charging under low temperatures, but low-temperature environments with high C-rate fast charging can lead to severe lithium plating of the anode material, resulting in rapid degradation of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this paper, by constructing an electrode–thermal model coupling solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth and lithium plating, the competition among different factors of capacity degradation under various ambient temperatures and C-rates are systematically analyzed. In addition, the most important cause of rapid degradation of LIBs under low temperatures are investigated, which reveal the change pattern of lithium plating with temperature and C-rate. The threshold value and kinetic law of lithium plating are determined, and a method of lithium-free control under high C-rate is proposed. Finally, by studying the average aging rate of LIBs, the reasons for the abnormal attenuation of cycle life at lower C-rates are ascertained. Through the chromaticity diagram of the expected life of LIBs under various conditions, the optimal fast strategy is explored, and its practical application in EVs is also discussed. This study can provide a useful reference for the development of high-performance and high-safety battery management systems to achieve fine management.
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Charging or discharging with a large current rate at low temperature brings severe polarization and solid electrolyte interphase growth to the battery.
“because a large current brings severe polarization and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth to the battery [29][30][31][32].”
From Research on Aging Evolution and Safety Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries Cycling at Low Temperature (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The Introduction states that high charging C-rates cause large anode polarization, supporting that part of the claim. Section 3.1 instead attributes low-temperature, high-rate degradation mainly to lithium plating; it says SEI growth is not significantly responsive to charging rate and can be inhibited under very low-temperature conditions. The paper’s cited findings concern charging, not discharging. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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- Authors
- Gao, Z., Xie, H., Yang, X., Niu, W., Li, S., & Chen, S.
- Affiliations
- Jilin University (CN)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Siyan
- Venue
- Batteries
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-11-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 234
- ISSN
- 2313-0105 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4308974960
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Batteries (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin province (20200501012GX)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, C-rate, cycle life, lithium plating, solid electrolyte interphase, capacity fade, electric vehicles, battery management systems, aging rate
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