Cited by 1,592Advanced Battery Technologies ResearchAdvancements in Battery MaterialsAdvanced Battery Materials and Technologies

Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review

Open access
Tomaszewska, Anna, Chu, Zhengyu, Feng, Xuning, O'Kane, Simon, Liu, Xinhua, Chen, Jingyi, Ji, Chenzhen, Endler, Elizabeth +12 more·2019·eTransportation

Abstract

In the recent years, lithium-ion batteries have become the battery technology of choice for portable devices, electric vehicles and grid storage. While increasing numbers of car manufacturers are introducing electrified models into their offering, range anxiety and the length of time required to recharge the batteries are still a common concern. The high currents needed to accelerate the charging process have been known to reduce energy efficiency and cause accelerated capacity and power fade. Fast charging is a multiscale problem, therefore insights from atomic to system level are required to understand and improve fast charging performance. The present paper reviews the literature on the physical phenomena that limit battery charging speeds, the degradation mechanisms that commonly result from charging at high currents, and the approaches that have been proposed to address these issues. Special attention is paid to low temperature charging. Alternative fast charging protocols are presented and critically assessed. Safety implications are explored, including the potential influence of fast charging on thermal runaway characteristics. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified and recommendations are made for the direction of future research. The need to develop reliable onboard methods to detect lithium plating and mechanical degradation is highlighted. Robust model-based charging optimisation strategies are identified as key to enabling fast charging in all conditions. Thermal management strategies to both cool batteries during charging and preheat them in cold weather are acknowledged as critical, with a particular focus on techniques capable of achieving high speeds and good temperature homogeneities.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.etran.2019.100011

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279 of 279 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Tomaszewska, A., Chu, Z., Feng, X., O'Kane, S., Liu, X., Chen, J., Ji, C., Endler, E., Li, R., Liu, L., Li, Y., Zheng, S., Vetterlein, S., Gao, M., Du, J., Parkes, M., Ouyang, M., Marinescu, M., Offer, G., & Wu, B.
Affiliations
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Tsinghua University (CN)
  • Shell (United States) (US)
  • Shell (United Kingdom) (GB)
  • The Faraday Institution (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Tomaszewska, Anna
  • Feng, Xuning
  • Wu, Billy
Venue
eTransportation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-08
Volume
1
Pages
100011
ISSN
2590-1168 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2967686386
Cited by
1,592
References
279
Citations by year
2026: 196 · 2025: 278 · 2024: 233 · 2023: 293 · 2022: 251 · 2021: 216 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 7
FWCI
67.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2020-11-01)
Open access
Locations
  • eTransportation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Innovate UK
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
  • Shell United Kingdom
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Keywords
lithium-ion batteries, fast charging, capacity fade, power fade, lithium plating, low-temperature charging, charging protocols, thermal runaway, battery safety, thermal management, battery degradation mechanisms, electric vehicles

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