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Cited by 64Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalusBarrier Structure and Function StudiesAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

Choroid Plexus in Alzheimer’s Disease—The Current State of Knowledge

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Gião, Tiago, Teixeira, Tiago, Almeida, Maria Rosário, Cardoso, Isabel·2022·Biomedicines
DOI 10.3390/biomedicines10020224PMC PMC8869376
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Abstract

The choroid plexus (CP), located in each of the four ventricles of the brain, is formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells that surrounds a highly vascularized connective tissue with permeable capillaries. These cells are joined by tight junctions forming the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which strictly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The primary purpose of the CP is to secrete CSF, but it also plays a role in the immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the removal of neurotoxic compounds from the CSF. According to recent findings, the CP is also involved in the modulation of the circadian cycle and neurogenesis. In diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the function of the CP is impaired, resulting in an altered secretory, barrier, transport, and immune function. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning the roles of the CP and BCSFB in the pathophysiology of AD and summarizes recently proposed therapies that aim to restore CP and BCSFB functions.

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Crossref · 10.3390/biomedicines10020224

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  • BCSFB disruption in AD is induced by proinflammatory cytokines or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expressed by choroid plexus epithelial cells.

    “Numerous studies have revealed AD associated BCSFB disruption induced by proinflammatory cytokines or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expressed by CP epithelial cells.”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [144]

    Section 6.3 links increased MMP levels in the choroid plexus to BCSFB leakage, but says they may compromise barrier integrity. Section 6.6 reports that blocking TNF signaling restored BCSFB integrity in AD mouse models. The review does not establish that MMPs are specifically expressed by choroid plexus epithelial cells or that these factors definitively induce BCSFB disruption in AD patients; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • CP displays important function in removal of neurotoxic compounds (e.g., Aβ plaques) from CSF.

    “In addition, CP also displays important function in the removal of neurotoxic compounds (e.g., Aβ plaques) from the CSF.144”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [144]

    Section 6.2 says the choroid plexus assists in removing harmful compounds from CSF, and Section 6.4 describes transport of Aβ peptide from CSF toward the bloodstream. The paper does not say that the choroid plexus removes Aβ plaques from CSF; that example is more specific than the evidence supports. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • BCSFB disruption impairs its selectivity, leading to increased infiltration of cytokines and leukocytes into the CSF, which then activate glial cells in the CNS.

    “BCSFB disruption impaired the selectivity of it, leading to increased infiltration of cytokines and leukocytes into the CSF which then activated glial cells in the CNS.”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [144]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Gião, T., Teixeira, T., Almeida, M. R., & Cardoso, I.
Affiliations
Universidade do Porto (PT)
Corresponding author
  • Gião, Tiago
  • Cardoso, Isabel
ORCID
Venue
Biomedicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-01-21
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
224
ISSN
2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines10020224
PMC
PMC8869376
OpenAlex
W4205289271
Cited by
64
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6
FWCI
1.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (PTDC/MED-PAT/0959/2021, 2020.07444.BD)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords
choroid plexus, Alzheimer's disease, blood-CSF barrier, cerebrospinal fluid production, tight junctions, choroid plexus epithelial cells, circadian rhythm, neurogenesis

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