Cited by 581Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationCongenital heart defects research

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

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Obernier, Kirsten, Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo·2019·Development

Abstract

In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), which are specialized niches in which young neurons for the olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, respectively, are generated. Recent studies have significantly modified earlier views on the mechanisms of NSC self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification and cell division modes of V-SVZ NSCs, and draw comparisons with NSCs in the SGZ. We highlight how V-SVZ NSCs are regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well as by neurotransmitters and factors that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus and vasculature. We also review recent advances in single cell RNA analyses that reveal the complexity of adult neurogenesis. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of adult neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new approaches to brain repair.

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Crossref · 10.1242/dev.156059

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  • The dentate gyrus gives rise to excitatory DG granule cells, whereas the SVZ produces migrating cells that follow the RMS and differentiate into inhibitory OB granule cells in the olfactory bulb.

    “The first gives rise to the excitatory DG granule cells, whereas the second produces migrating cells that follow the RMS and in the olfactory bulb differentiate into inhibitory OB granule cells72,84,85.”

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Authors
Obernier, K., & Alvarez-Buylla, A.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California 1 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
Corresponding author
Obernier, Kirsten
Venue
Development
Published
2019-02-15
Volume
146
Issue
4
ISSN
  • 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
  • 1477-9129
OpenAlex
W2915097886
Cited by
578
References
198
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 25
FWCI
8.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Development (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (NS28478, HD32116)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
Keywords
neural stem cells, adult neurogenesis, ventricular-subventricular zone, subgranular zone, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, self-renewal, stem cell heterogeneity, regional specification, cell division mode, niche signaling, choroid plexus, vascular system, single-cell RNA sequencing, brain repair
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Hippocampus, Humans, Interneurons, Neurons, Olfactory Bulb, Signal Transduction, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Cell Lineage, Lateral Ventricles, Mice, Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome

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