Enzymatic Low Volume Passive Sweat Based Assays for Multi-Biomarker Detection
Open accessAbstract
Simultaneous detection of correlated multi-biomarkers on a single low-cost platform in ultra-low fluid volumes with robustness is in growing demand for the development of wearable diagnostics. A non-faradaic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate utilizing low volumes (1–5 μL) of sweat is demonstrated. Biosensing is implemented using nanotextured ZnO films integrated on a flexible porous membrane to achieve enhanced sensor performance. The ZnO sensing region is functionalized with enzymes specific for the detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate in the ranges encompassing their physiologically relevant levels. A non-faradaic chronoamperometry technique is used to measure the current changes associated with interactions of the target biomarkers with their specific enzyme. The specificity performance of the biosensing platform was established in the presence of cortisol as the non-specific molecule. Biosensing performance of the platform in a continuous mode performed over a 1.5-h duration showed a stable current response to cumulative lifestyle biomarker concentrations with capability to distinguish reliably between low, mid, and high concentration ranges of alcohol (0.1, 25, 100 mg/dL), glucose (0.1, 10, 50 mg/dL), and lactate (1, 50, 100 mM). The low detection limits and a broader dynamic range for the lifestyle biomarker detection are quantified in this research demonstrating its suitability for translation into a wearable device.
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- Authors
- Bhide, A., Cheeran, S., Muthukumar, S., & Prasad, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Enlisense LLC, 1813 Audubon Pond way, Allen, TX 75013, USA
- Corresponding author
- Prasad, Shalini
- Venue
- Biosensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-01-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13
- ISSN
- 2079-6374 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6468720
- OpenAlex
- W2909303227
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biosensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R43AA026114)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- chronoamperometry, alcohol detection, glucose detection, lactate detection, wearable diagnostics
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Alcohols, Eccrine Glands, Glucose, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Sweat, Zinc Oxide, Biosensing Techniques, Biomarkers, Lactic Acid, Enzyme Assays, Limit of Detection
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