Threat Detection in Nearby Space Mobilizes Human Ventral Premotor Cortex, Intraparietal Sulcus, and Amygdala
Open accessAbstract
In the monkey brain, the precentral gyrus and ventral intraparietal area are two interconnected brain regions that form a system for detecting and responding to events in nearby “peripersonal” space (PPS), with threat detection as one of its major functions. Behavioral studies point toward a similar defensive function of PPS in humans. Here, our aim was to find support for this hypothesis by investigating if homolog regions in the human brain respond more strongly to approaching threatening stimuli. During fMRI scanning, naturalistic social stimuli were presented in a 3D virtual environment. Our results showed that the ventral premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus responded more strongly to threatening stimuli entering PPS. Moreover, we found evidence for the involvement of the amygdala and anterior insula in processing threats. We propose that the defensive function of PPS may be supported by a subcortical circuit that sends information about the relevance of the stimulus to the premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus, where action preparation is facilitated when necessary.
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The anterior insular cortex has been implied in peripersonal space representation.
“has been implied in PPS representation (Lloyd et al. 2006; de Borst and de Gelder 2022).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as de Borst and de Gelder 2022
The Discussion (section 4.1) reports that the anterior insula responds more strongly to threatening stimuli in peripersonal space and has been suggested to support judgments about when approaching objects will collide. That implicates it in processing events in that space, but the Introduction and Discussion identify the ventral premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus—not the anterior insula—as the regions encoding peripersonal space. The source therefore does not establish anterior-insula involvement in its representation specifically. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredfMRI studies have demonstrated anterior cingulate cortex activation when subjects are exposed to looming threatening stimuli such as virtual predators, tarantulas, or threatening avatars.
“In line with this hypothesis, fMRI studies have demonstrated ACC activation when subjects are exposed to looming threatening stimuli, such as virtual predators, tarantulas, or threatening avatars (Mobbs et al. 2007, 2010; Vieira et al. 2020; de Borst and de Gelder 2022).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as de Borst and de Gelder 2022
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- Authors
- de Borst, A. W., & de Gelder, B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biological and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement, Hamburg University, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Venue
- Brain Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 391
- ISSN
- 2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8946485
- OpenAlex
- W4221026798
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Union (824160, 825079)
- European Research Council (295673)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- peripersonal space, threat detection, ventral premotor cortex, intraparietal sulcus, amygdala, anterior insula, defensive behavior, action preparation, threat processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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