Application of Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality worldwide due to its heterogeneous features and diagnosis at a late stage. Artificial intelligence (AI) is good at handling a large volume of computational and repeated labor work and is suitable for assisting doctors in analyzing image-dominant diseases like lung cancer. Scientists have shown long-standing efforts to apply AI in lung cancer screening via CXR and chest CT since the 1960s. Several grand challenges were held to find the best AI model. Currently, the FDA have approved several AI programs in CXR and chest CT reading, which enables AI systems to take part in lung cancer detection. Following the success of AI application in the radiology field, AI was applied to digitalized whole slide imaging (WSI) annotation. Integrating with more information, like demographics and clinical data, the AI systems could play a role in decision-making by classifying EGFR mutations and PD-L1 expression. AI systems also help clinicians to estimate the patient’s prognosis by predicting drug response, the tumor recurrence rate after surgery, radiotherapy response, and side effects. Though there are still some obstacles, deploying AI systems in the clinical workflow is vital for the foreseeable future.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Evidence suggests AI might benefit diagnostic services by supporting decision-making, improving detection accuracy, reducing errors, increasing efficiency, and easing workforce burdens.
“Evidence suggests AI might benefit diagnostic services by supporting decision-making, improving detection accuracy, reducing errors, increasing efficiency, and easing workforce burdens.13, 14, 15”
From Procurement and early deployment of artificial intelligence tools for chest diagnostics in NHS services in England: a rapid, mixed method evaluation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Microbiome analyses of blood and tissues suggest cancer diagnostic approach
Poore, G. D., Kopylova, E., Zhu, Q., Carpenter, C., Fraraccio, S., Wandro, S., Kosciolek, T., Janssen, S., Metcalf, J., Song, S. J., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2095-1 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
RetractedReduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening
The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1102873 · Cited by 11,064 · see citing works
The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Weinstein, J. N., Collisson, E. A., Mills, G. B., Shaw, K. R. M., Ozenberger, B. A., Ellrott, K., Shmulevich, I., Sander, C., & Stuart, J. M. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2764 · Cited by 9,092 · see citing works
Wang, X., Peng, Y., Lu, L., Lu, Z., Bagheri, M., & Summers, R. M. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.369 · Cited by 4,616 · see citing works
The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors
Travis, W. D., Brambilla, E. M., Nicholson, A. G., Yatabe, Y., Austin, J. H. M., Beasley, M. B., Chirieac, L. R., Đačić, S., Duhig, E., Flieder, D. B., et al. (2015) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0000000000000630 · Cited by 4,532 · see citing works
Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial
de Koning, H. J., van der Aalst, C. M., de Jong, P. A., Scholten, E. T., Nackaerts, K., Heuvelmans, M. A., Lammers, J.-W. J., Weenink, C., Yousaf-Khan, U., Horeweg, N., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1911793 · Cited by 3,624 · see citing works
A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play
Silver, D., Hubert, T., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Lai, M., Guez, A., Lanctot, M., Sifre, L., Kumaran, D., Graepel, T., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar6404 · Cited by 3,562 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This type of AI is famous for playing chess, shogi, and Go through self-play [69] or generating data with GANs [70].”
BackgroundMachine Learning Applications in Cancer Prognosis and Prediction
Kourou, K., Exarchos, T. P., Exarchos, K. P., Karamouzis, M. V., & Fotiadis, D. I. (2015) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2014.11.005 · Cited by 3,338 · see citing works
Ehteshami Bejnordi, B., Veta, M., Johannes van Diest, P., van Ginneken, B., Karssemeijer, N., Litjens, G., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., and the CAMELYON16 Consortium, Hermsen, M., Manson, Q. F., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14585 · Cited by 3,293 · see citing works
Coudray, N., Ocampo, P. S., Sakellaropoulos, T., Narula, N., Snuderl, M., Fenyö, D., Moreira, A. L., Razavian, N., & Tsirigos, A. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0177-5 · Cited by 2,930 · see citing works
Armato, S. G., McLennan, G., Bidaut, L., McNitt‐Gray, M. F., Meyer, C. R., Reeves, A. P., Zhao, B., Aberle, D. R., Henschke, C. I., Hoffman, E. A., et al. (2011) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.3528204 · Cited by 2,887 · see citing works
Clinical-grade computational pathology using weakly supervised deep learning on whole slide images
Campanella, G., Hanna, M. G., Geneslaw, L., Miraflor, A., Werneck Krauss Silva, V., Busam, K. J., Brogi, E., Reuter, V. E., Klimstra, D. S., & Fuchs, T. J. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0508-1 · Cited by 2,799 · see citing works
MacMahon, H., Naidich, D. P., Goo, J. M., Lee, K. S., Leung, A. N. C., Mayo, J. R., Mehta, A. C., Ohno, Y., Powell, C. A., Prokop, M., et al. (2017) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2017161659 · Cited by 2,491 · see citing works
MIMIC-CXR, a de-identified publicly available database of chest radiographs with free-text reports
Johnson, A. E. W., Pollard, T. J., Berkowitz, S. J., Greenbaum, N. R., Lungren, M. P., Deng, C.-Y., Mark, R. G., & Horng, S. (2019) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0322-0 · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
The 2021 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors: Impact of Advances Since 2015
Nicholson, A. G., Tsao, M., Beasley, M. B., Borczuk, A., Brambilla, E. M., Cooper, W. A., Đačić, S., Jain, D., Kerr, K. M., Lantuéjoul, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.003 · Cited by 1,606 · see citing works
Setio, A. A. A., Traverso, A., de Bel, T., Berens, M. S. N., van den Bogaard, C., Cerello, P., Chen, H., Dou, Q., Fantacci, M. E., Geurts, B. H. J., et al. (2017) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2017.06.015 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Digital pathology and artificial intelligence
Niazi, M. K. K., Parwani, A. V., & Gurcan, M. N. (2019) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30154-8 · Cited by 1,232 · see citing works
Development of a Digital Image Database for Chest Radiographs With and Without a Lung Nodule
Shiraishi, J., Katsuragawa, S., Ikezoe, J., Matsumoto, T., Kobayashi, T., Komatsu, K.-I., Matsui, M., Fujita, H., Kodera, Y., & Doi, K. (2000) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.174.1.1740071 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study
Phillips, M., Gleeson, K., Hughes, J. M. B., Greenberg, J. H., Cataneo, R. N., Baker, L., & McVay, W. P. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07552-7 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
Two public chest X-ray datasets for computer-aided screening of pulmonary diseases.
(2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.20 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Shen, R., Olshen, A. B., & Ladanyi, M. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp543 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reports
Bustos, A., Pertusa, A., Salinas, J.-M., & de la Iglesia-Vayá, M. (2020) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2020.101797 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Integrating genomic features for non-invasive early lung cancer detection
Chabon, J. J., Hamilton, E. G., Kurtz, D. M., Esfahani, M. S., Moding, E. J., Stehr, H., Schroers‐Martin, J. G., Nabet, B. Y., Chen, B., Chaudhuri, A. A., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2140-0 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Deep learning in cancer pathology: a new generation of clinical biomarkers
Echle, A., Rindtorff, N. T., Brinker, T. J., Luedde, T., Pearson, A. T., & Kather, J. N. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01122-x · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Deep learning for lung cancer prognostication: A retrospective multi-cohort radiomics study
Hosny, A., Parmar, C., Coroller, T. P., Grossmann, P., Zeleznik, R., Kumar, A., Bussink, J., Gillies, R. J., Mak, R. H., & Aerts, H. J. W. L. (2018) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002711 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Shen, R., Olshen, A. B., & Ladanyi, M. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp659 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
The future of computing beyond Moore’s Law
Shalf, J. M. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0061 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Screening for Early Lung Cancer
Melamed, M. R., Flehinger, B. J., Zaman, M., Heelan, R. T., Perchick, W., & Martini, N. (1984) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.86.1.44 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
There’s plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore’s law?
Leiserson, C. E., Thompson, N., Emer, J., Kuszmaul, B. C., Lampson, B., Sánchez, D., & Schardl, T. B. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam9744 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Wang, S., Shi, J., Ye, Z., Dong, D., Yu, D., Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Gevaert, O., Wang, K., Zhu, Y., et al. (2019) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00986-2018 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Pedersen, J. H., Ashraf, H., Dirksen, A., Bach, K., Hansen, H., Toennesen, P., Thorsen, H., Brodersen, J., Skov, B. G., Døssing, M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e3181a0d98f · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Cancer Diagnosis Using Deep Learning: A Bibliographic Review
Munir, K., Elahi, H., Ayub, A., Frezza, F., & Rizzi, A. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11091235 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Weakly Supervised Deep Learning for Whole Slide Lung Cancer Image Analysis
Wang, X., Chen, H., Gan, C., Lin, H., Dou, Q., Tsougenis, E., Huang, Q., Cai, M., & Heng, P. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2019.2935141 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Annual or biennial CT screening versus observation in heavy smokers
Pastorino, U., Rossi, M., Rosato, V., Marchianò, A. V., Sverzellati, N., Morosi, C., Fabbri, A., Galeone, C., Negri, E., Sozzi, G., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e328351e1b6 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Towards automatic pulmonary nodule management in lung cancer screening with deep learning
Ciompi, F., Chung, K., van Riel, S. J., Setio, A. A. A., Gerke, P. K., Jacobs, C., Scholten, E. T., Schaefer‐Prokop, C. M., Wille, M. M. W., Marchianò, A., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46479 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison
Irvin, J., Rajpurkar, P., Ko, M., Yu, Y., Ciurea-Ilcus, S., Chute, C., Marklund, H., Haghgoo, B., Ball, R., Shpanskaya, K., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301590 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Girard, L., Zöchbauer‐Müller, S., Virmani, A. K., Gazdar, A. F., & Minna, J. D. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 344 · see citing works
A review of machine learning techniques using decision tree and support vector machine
Somvanshi, M., Chavan, P., Tambade, S., & Shinde, S. V. (2016) · International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation · doi:10.1109/iccubea.2016.7860040 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Gut microbiome, big data and machine learning to promote precision medicine for cancer
Cammarota, G., Ianiro, G., Ahern, A., Carbone, C., Temko, A., Claesson, M. J., Gasbarrini, A., & Tortora, G. (2020) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0327-3 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Machine learning for metabolic engineering: A review
Lawson, C. E., Martí, J. M., Radivojević, T., Jonnalagadda, S. V. R., Gentz, R., Hillson, N. J., Peisert, S., Kim, J., Simmons, B. A., Petzold, C. J., et al. (2020) · Metabolic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2020.10.005 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Wei, J., Tafe, L. J., Linnik, Y., Vaickus, L. J., Tomita, N., & Hassanpour, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40041-7 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
van Ginneken, B., Armato, S. G., de Hoop, B., de Vorst, S. V. A.-V., Duindam, T., Niemeijer, M., Murphy, K., Schilham, A. M. R., Retico, A., Fantacci, M. E., et al. (2010) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2010.05.005 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Predicting Malignant Nodules from Screening CT Scans
Hawkins, S. H., Wang, H., Liu, Y., García, A. L., Stringfield, O., Krewer, H., Li, Q., Cherezov, D., Gatenby, R. A., Balagurunathan, Y., et al. (2016) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.002 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
(2017) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 284 · see citing works
miR-Test: A Blood Test for Lung Cancer Early Detection
Montani, F., Marzi, M. J., Dezi, F., Dama, E., Carletti, R. M., Bonizzi, G., Bertolotti, R., Bellomi, M., Rampinelli, C., Maisonneuve, P., et al. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv063 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Deep learning-based survival prediction for multiple cancer types using histopathology images
Wulczyn, E., Steiner, D. F., Xu, Z., Sadhwani, A., Wang, H., Flament-Auvigne, I., Mermel, C. H., Chen, P.-H. C., Liu, Y., & Stumpe, M. C. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233678 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Sim, Y., Chung, M. J., Kotter, E., Yune, S., Kim, M., Do, S., Han, K., Kim, H., Yang, S., Lee, D.-J., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182465 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Zhu, X., Dong, D., Chen, Z., Fang, M., Zhang, L., Song, J., Yu, D., Zang, Y., Liu, Z., Shi, J., et al. (2018) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-017-5221-1 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Gertych, A., Świderska-Chadaj, Ż., Ma, Z., Ing, N., Markiewicz, T., Cierniak, S., Salemi, H., Guzman, S. J., Walts, A. E., & Knudsen, B. S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37638-9 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Lewis, J. E., & Kemp, M. L. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22989-1 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Jochems, A., Deist, T. M., van Soest, J., Eble, M. J., Bulens, P., Coucke, P. A., Dries, W., Lambin, P., & Dekker, A. L. A. J. (2016) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.10.002 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Identification of non-small cell lung cancer sensitive to systemic cancer therapies using radiomics
Dercle, L., Fronheiser, M., Lu, L., Du, S., Hayes, W., Leung, D. K., Roy, A., Wilkerson, J., Guo, P., Fojo, A. T., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2942 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Evans, A. J., Bauer, T. W., Bui, M. M., Cornish, T. C., Duncan, H., Glassy, E. F., Hipp, J., McGee, R. S., Murphy, D., Myers, C., et al. (2018) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/arpa.2017-0496-cp · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Bayesian Networks for Clinical Decision Support in Lung Cancer Care
Sesen, M. B., Nicholson, A. E., Bañares‐Alcántara, R., Kadir, T., & Brady, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082349 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Computer-aided Detection of Missed Lung Cancers
Liang, M., Tang, W., Xu, D. M., Jirapatnakul, A. C., Reeves, A. P., Henschke, C. I., & Yankelevitz, D. (2016) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2016150063 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Systematic review of multidisciplinary teams in the management of lung cancer
Coory, M. D., Gkolia, P., Yang, I. A., Bowman, R., & Fong, K. M. (2008) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.01.008 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Jochems, A., Deist, T. M., Naqa, I. E., Kessler, M. L., Mayo, C., Reeves, J., Jolly, S., Matuszak, M. M., Haken, R. K. T., van Soest, J., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.04.021 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The Coding of Roentgen Images for Computer Analysis as Applied to Lung Cancer
Lodwick, G. S., Keats, T. E., & Dorst, J. P. (1963) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/81.2.185 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Structural and functional radiomics for lung cancer
Wu, G., Jochems, A., Refaee, T., Ibrahim, A., Yan, C., Sanduleanu, S., Woodruff, H. C., & Lambin, P. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-021-05242-1 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
CNN-based Method for Lung Cancer Detection in Whole Slide Histopathology Images
Šarić, M., Russo, M., Stella, M., & Sikora, M. (2019) · International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech) · doi:10.23919/splitech.2019.8783041 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sha, L., Osinski, B. L., Ho, I. Y., Tan, T. L., Willis, C., Weiss, H., Beaubier, N., Mahon, B. M., Taxter, T. J., & Yip, S. S. F. (2019) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/jpi.jpi_24_19 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Biermann, J. S., Adkins, D. R., Agulnik, M., Benjamin, R. S., Brigman, B. E., Butrynski, J. E., Cheong, D., Chow, W. A., Curry, W. T., Frassica, D. A., et al. (2013) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2013.0088 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The utility of quantitative CT radiomics features for improved prediction of radiation pneumonitis
Krafft, S. P., Rao, A. U. K., Stingo, F. C., Briere, T. M., Court, L. E., Liao, Z. X., & Martel, M. K. (2018) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/mp.13150 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Urine Proteome Profiling Predicts Lung Cancer from Control Cases and Other Tumors
Zhang, C., Leng, W., Sun, C., Lu, T., Chen, Z., Men, X.-B., Wang, Y., Wang, G., Zhen, B., & Qin, J. (2018) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.009 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Lung Nodule Detection via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Ali, I. M., Hart, G. R., Gunabushanam, G., Liang, Y., Muhammad, W., Nartowt, B. J., Kane, M. J., Ma, X., & Deng, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00108 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Jiang, M., Sun, D., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Xiao, J., Wang, L., & Yao, X. (2019) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2019.04.016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Genomic-Pathologic Annotated Risk Model to Predict Recurrence in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Jones, G. D., Brandt, W. S., Shen, R., Sánchez-Vega, F., Tan, K. S., Martin, A. S., Zhou, J. H., Berger, M. F., Solit, D. B., Schultz, N. D., et al. (2020) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.5601 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Mattonen, S. A., Palma, D. A., Haasbeek, C. J. A., Senan, S., & Ward, A. D. (2014) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4866219 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Radiomics for lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules: invasive prediction
Sun, Y., Li, C., Jin, L., Gao, P., Zhao, W., Ma, W., Tan, M., Wu, W., Duan, S., Shan, Y., et al. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06776-y · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Kapil, A., Meier, A., Zuraw, A., Steele, K. E., Rebelatto, M. C., Schmidt, G., & Brieu, N. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35501-5 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Deep learning and medical imaging
Klang, E. (2018) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.02.76 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Current State of the Regulatory Trajectory for Whole Slide Imaging Devices in the USA
Abels, E., & Pantanowitz, L. (2017) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/jpi.jpi_11_17 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A narrative review of digital pathology and artificial intelligence: focusing on lung cancer
Sakamoto, T., Furukawa, T., Lami, K., Pham, H. H. N., Uegami, W., Kuroda, K., Kawai, M., Sakanashi, H., Cooper, L. A. D., Bychkov, A., et al. (2020) · Translational Lung Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-591 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
D’Antonoli, T. A., Farchione, A., Lenkowicz, J., Chiappetta, M., Cicchetti, G., Martino, A., Ottavianelli, A., Manfredi, R. M., Margaritora, S., Bonomo, L., et al. (2019) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2019.05.019 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hocking, W. G., Hu, P., Oken, M. M., Winslow, S. D., Kvale, P. A., Prorok, P. C., Ragard, L. R., Commins, J. M., Lynch, D. A., Andriole, G. L., et al. (2010) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djq126 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Improving outcomes in lung cancer: the value of the multidisciplinary health care team
Conron, M., & Denton, E. J. (2016) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s76762 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lung Cancer in Republic of China
Luo, Y., Chiu, C., Kuo, C.-H. S., Chou, T., Yeh, Y., Hsu, H., Yen, S.-H., Wu, Y., Yang, J. C., Liao, B.-C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.155 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationCapizzi, G., Sciuto, G. L., Napoli, C., Połap, D., & Woźniak, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.1109/tfuzz.2019.2952831 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Serum and blood based biomarkers for lung cancer screening: a systematic review
Chu, G. C. W., Lazare, K., & Sullivan, F. (2018) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4024-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Martin, M. D., Kanne, J. P., Broderick, L. S., Kazerooni, E. A., & Meyer, C. A. (2017) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.2017170051 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Gu, Q., Feng, Z., Liang, Q., Li, M., Deng, J., Ma, M., Wang, W., Liu, J., Liu, P., & Rong, P. (2019) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.06.025 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Schreuder, A., Scholten, E. T., van Ginneken, B., & Jacobs, C. (2021) · Translational Lung Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tlcr-2020-lcs-06 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Detection of lung cancer with electronic nose and logistic regression analysis
Tirzīte, M., Bukovskis, M., Strazda, G., Jurka, N., & Taivāns, I. (2018) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7163/aae1b8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Huang, C., Zeng, C., Wang, Y., Peng, H., Lin, C.-S., Chang, C.-J., & Yang, H. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18092845 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lo, S. B., Freedman, M. T., Gillis, L. B., WHITE, C. S., & Mun, S. K. (2018) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.17.18718 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Onishi, Y., Teramoto, A., Tsujimoto, M., Tsukamoto, T., Saito, K., Toyama, H., Imaizumi, K., & Fujita, H. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/6051939 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Lung Cancer and Radiological Imaging
Panunzio, A., & Sartori, P. (2020) · Current Radiopharmaceuticals · doi:10.2174/1874471013666200523161849 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer
Campanella, A., Summa, S. D., & Tommasi, S. (2019) · Journal of Breath Research · doi:10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer using proteomics
Lopez-Sanchez, L. M., Gámez, B. J., Collado, N. F., Valverde, A. M., Cañas, A., Fernández-Rueda, J. L., Aranda, E., & Rodríguez‐Ariza, A. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00119.2017 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Roos, J. E., Paik, D. S., Olsen, D., Liu, E. G., Chow, L. C., Leung, A. N. C., Mindelzun, R. E., Choudhury, K. R., Naidich, D. P., Napel, S. A., et al. (2009) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-009-1596-y · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology
Wichmann, J. L., Willemink, M. J., & Cecco, C. N. D. (2020) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000000673 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Liu, B., Chi, W., Li, X., Li, P., Liang, W., Liu, H., Wang, W., & He, J. (2019) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-019-03098-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Song, L., Zhu, Z., Mao, L., Li, X., Han, W., Du, H., Wu, H., Song, W., & Jin, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00369 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Radiomics for the prediction of EGFR mutation subtypes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Li, S., Ding, C., Zhang, H., Song, J., & Wu, L. (2019) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/mp.13747 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Radiomics analysis of 3D dose distributions to predict toxicity of radiotherapy for lung cancer
Bourbonne, V., Da‐ano, R., Jaouen, V., Lucia, F., Dissaux, G., Bert, J., Pradier, O., Visvikis, D., Hatt, M., & Schick, U. (2020) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.040 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Deep Learning Fast Screening Approach on Cytological Whole Slides for Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis
Lin, Y., Chao, T., Khalil, M.-A., Lee, Y., Hong, D.-Z., Wu, J.-J., & Wang, C. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13153891 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Machine learning approaches to lung cancer prediction from mass spectra
Hilario, M., Kalousis, A., Müller, M., & Pellegrini, C. (2003) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200300523 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Li, D., Vilmun, B. M., Carlsen, J. F., Albrecht‐Beste, E., Lauridsen, C. A., Nielsen, M. B., & Hansen, K. L. (2019) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040207 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Le, V.-H., Kha, Q.-H., Hung, T. N. K., & Le, N. Q. K. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13143616 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
van Riel, S. J., Jacobs, C., Scholten, E. T., Wittenberg, R., Wille, M. M. W., de Hoop, B., Sprengers, R. W., Mets, O. M., Geurts, B. H. J., Prokop, M., et al. (2018) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-018-5599-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Missed Lung Cancer on Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography
White, C. S., Salis, A. I., & Meyer, C. A. (1999) · Journal of Thoracic Imaging · doi:10.1097/00005382-199901000-00006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lanfredi, R. B., Zhang, M., Auffermann, W. F., Chan, J., Duong, P.-A. T., Srikumar, V., Drew, T. W., Schroeder, J., & Taşdizen, T. (2022) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01441-z · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tu, S., Wang, C., Pan, K., Wu, Y., & Wu, C. (2018) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aaafab · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Distanced LSTM: Time-Distanced Gates in Long Short-Term Memory Models for Lung Cancer Detection
Gao, R., Huo, Y., Bao, S., Tang, Y., Antic, S., Epstein, E. S., Balar, A., Deppen, S., Paulson, A. B., Sandler, K. L., et al. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32692-0_36 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Personalized prediction of EGFR mutation-induced drug resistance in lung cancer
Wang, D. D., Zhou, W., Yan, H., Wong, M. P., & Lee, V. H.-F. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02855 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hondelink, L. M., Hüyük, M., Postmus, P. E., Smit, V. T. H. B. M., Blom, S., von der Thüsen, J. H., & Cohen, D. (2021) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.14571 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
In, K.-H., Kwon, Y. S., Oh, I., Kim, K. S., Jung, M.-H., Lee, K.-H., Kim, S. Y., Ryu, J., Lee, S. Y., Jeong, E., et al. (2008) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.08.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Choi, H., Kim, H., Hong, W., Park, J., Hwang, E. J., Park, C. M., Kim, Y. T., & Goo, J. M. (2020) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07431-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Malpractice suits in chest radiology: An evaluation of the histories of 8265 radiologists
Baker, S. R., Patel, R. H., Yang, L., Lelkes, V. M., & Castro, A. (2013) · Journal of Thoracic Imaging · doi:10.1097/rti.0b013e3182a21be2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Incidentally Detected Lung Cancers
Quadrelli, S., Lyons, G., Colt, H. G., Chimondeguy, D., & Buero, A. (2015) · International Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1155/2015/287604 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Improving lung cancer diagnosis by combining exhaled-breath data and clinical parameters
Kort, S., Brusse-Keizer, M. G. J., Gerritsen, J. W., Schouwink, H., Citgez, E., de Jongh, F. H., van der Maten, J., Samii, S., van den Bogart, M., & van der Palen, J. A. M. (2020) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00221-2019 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tam, M. D. B. S., Dyer, T., Dissez, G., Morgan, T. N., Hughes, M., Illes, J., Rasalingham, R., & Rasalingham, S. (2021) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2021.03.021 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lung cancer screening: from imaging to biomarker
Xiang, D., Zhang, B., Doll, D. C., Shen, K., Kloecker, G. H., & Freter, C. E. (2013) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/2050-7771-1-4 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Liu, S., Liu, S., Zhang, C., Yu, H., Liu, X., Hu, Y., Xu, W., Tang, X., & Fu, Q. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01268 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction in Sequential CT Scans: Summary of ISBI 2018 Challenge
Balagurunathan, Y., Beers, A. L., McNitt‐Gray, M. F., Hadjiiski, L. M., Napel, S. A., Goldgof, D. B., Perez, G., Arbeláez, P., Mehrtash, A., Kapur, T., et al. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3097665 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kim, J. H., Han, S. G., Cho, A., Shin, H. J., & Baek, S. (2021) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01679-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Whole genome sequencing for lung cancer.
Daniels, M. G., Goh, F., Wright, C. M., Sriram, K. B., Relan, V., Clarke, B. E., Duhig, E., Bowman, R., Yang, I. A., & Fong, K. M. (2012) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.02.01 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Virtual microscopy and digital cytology: state of the art.
Giansanti, D., Grigioni, M., D’Avenio, G., Morelli, S., Maccioni, G., Bondi, A., & Giovagnoli, M. R. (2010) · PubMed · doi:10.4415/ann_10_02_03 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An Update on the Use of Exhaled Breath Analysis for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Peled, N., Fuchs, V., Kestenbaum, E. H., Oscar, E., & Bitran, R. (2021) · Lung Cancer Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/lctt.s320493 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Aprupe, L., Litjens, G. J. S., Brinker, T. J., van der Laak, J. A. W. M., & Grabe, N. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6335 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sakamoto, T., Furukawa, T., Pham, H. H. N., Kuroda, K., Tabata, K., Kashima, Y., Okoshi, E. N., Morimoto, S., Bychkov, A., & Fukuoka, J. (2022) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.14779 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A Novel Data Augmentation Method Using Style-Based GAN for Robust Pulmonary Nodule Segmentation
Shi, H., Lu, J., & Zhou, Q. (2020) · Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) · doi:10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164303 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Multiomics and machine learning in lung cancer prognosis
Gao, Y., Zhou, R., & Lyu, Q. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-2019-itm-013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Liu, Y.-L., Feng, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Chang, D., Wu, X., Tian, X., Tang, K.-J., Xie, C., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-19-4690 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yoshiyasu, N., Kojima, F., Hayashi, K., & Bando, T. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Choi, Y., Qu, J., Wu, E., Hao, Y., Zhang, J., Ning, J., Yang, X., Lofaro, L., Pankratz, D. G., Babiarz, J., et al. (2020) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-020-00782-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Giang, T.-T., Nguyen, T.-P., & Tran, D.-H. (2020) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01140-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sun, F., Chen, Y.-C., Chen, X., Sun, X.-R., & Xing, L. (2020) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109411 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, J., & Lin, D. (2021) · Advances in Anatomic Pathology · doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000322 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Giovagnoli, M. R., & Giansanti, D. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9070858 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Xiao, N., Qiang, Y., Zia, M. B., Sanhu, W., & Lian, J. (2020) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11576 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kim, Y.-G., Cho, Y., Wu, C., Park, S., Jung, K.-H., Seo, J. B., Lee, H. J., Hwang, H. J., Lee, S. M., & Kim, N. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55373-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lv, E., Liu, W., Wen, P., & Kang, X. (2021) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2021/8769652 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wissel, D., Rowson, D., & Boeva, V. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.460589 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Imaging patterns of early stage lung cancer for the thoracic surgeon
Migliore, M., Palmucci, S., Nardini, M., & Basile, A. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2020.02.61 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Boschetto, A., Pochini, M., Bottini, L., Giovagnoli, M. R., & Giansanti, D. (2014) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization · doi:10.1080/21681163.2014.885852 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sakai, M., Kato, A., Kobayashi, N., Nakamura, R., Okawa, S., & Sato, Y. (2015) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sakamoto, T., Furukawa, T., Pham, H. H. N., Kuroda, K., Tabata, K., Kashima, Y., Okoshi, E. N., Morimoto, S., Bychkov, A., & Fukuoka, J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475587 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [18]Rajpurkar P. Irvin J. Zhu K. Yang B. Mehta H. Duan T. Ding D. Bagul A. Langlotz C. Shpanskaya K. Chexnet: Radiologist-level pneumonia detection on chest x-rays with deep learning arXiv 2017 1711.05225
- [92]Johnson A.E. Pollard T.J. Greenbaum N.R. Lungren M.P. Deng C.-Y. Peng Y. Lu Z. Mark R.G. Berkowitz S.J. Horng S. MIMIC-CXR-JPG, a large publicly available database of labeled chest radiographs arXiv 2019 1901.07042 PMC6908718 31831740
- [94]Nguyen H.C. Le T.T. Pham H. Nguyen H.Q. VinDr-RibCXR: A Benchmark Dataset for Automatic Segmentation and Labeling of Individual Ribs on Chest X-rays arXiv 2021 2107.01327
- [95]Jain S. Agrawal A. Saporta A. Truong S.Q. Bui T. Chambon P. Zhang Y. Lungren M.P. Ng A.Y. Langlotz C. RadGraph: Extracting Clinical Entities and Relations from Radiology Reports arXiv 2021 2106.14463
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research
Bhattamisra, S. K., Banerjee, P., Gupta, P., Mayuren, J., Patra, S., & Candasamy, M. (2023) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc7010010 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Shaping the future of AI in healthcare through ethics and governance
Bouderhem, R. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-02894-w · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and Lung Cancer: Impact on Improving Patient Outcomes
Gandhi, Z., Gurram, P., Amgai, B., Lekkala, S. P., Lokhandwala, A., Manne, S., Mohammed, A. S., Koshiya, H., Dewaswala, N., Desai, R., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15215236 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Deep Machine Learning for Medical Diagnosis, Application to Lung Cancer Detection: A Review
Gayap, H. T., & Akhloufi, M. A. (2024) · BioMedInformatics · doi:10.3390/biomedinformatics4010015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Advances of Artificial Intelligence in Anti-Cancer Drug Design: A Review of the Past Decade
Wang, L., Song, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Wang, M., He, J., Li, S., Zhang, L., Li, K., & Cao, L. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16020253 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Lin, C.-Y., Guo, S., Lien, J.-J. J., Lin, W.-T., Liu, Y., Lai, C., Hsu, I.-L., Chang, C., & Tseng, Y. (2023) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-023-01730-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer Imaging: Unfolding the Future
Cellina, M. I., Cè, M., Irmici, G., Ascenti, V., Khenkina, N., Toto‐Brocchi, M., Martinenghi, C. M. A., Papa, S., & Carrafiello, G. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12112644 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
THONG, L. T., CHOU, H. S., CHEW, H. S. J., & LAU, Y. (2023) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.12.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A State-of-the-Art Review
Candita, G., Rossi, S., Cwiklinska, K., Fanni, S. C., Cioni, D., Lencioni, R. A., & Neri, E. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13040625 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Recent advances in lung cancer research: unravelling the future of treatment
Bertolaccini, L., Casiraghi, M., Uslenghi, C., Maiorca, S., & Spaggiari, L. (2024) · Updates in Surgery · doi:10.1007/s13304-024-01841-3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Alavinejad, M., Shirzad, M., Javid‐Naderi, M. J., Rahdar, A., Fathi‐karkan, S., & Pandey, S. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02680-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wu, J., Meng, H., Zhou, L., Wang, M., Jin, S., Ji, H., Liu, B., Jin, P., & Du, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66751-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Srivastava, S., Jayaswal, N., Kumar, S., Sharma, P. K., Behl, T., Khalid, A., Mohan, S., Najmi, A., Zoghebi, K. A., & Alhazmi, H. A. (2023) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110932 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
da Silva, H. E. C., Santos, G. N. M., Leite, A. F., Mesquita, C. R. M., Figueiredo, P. T. D. S., Stefani, C. M., & de Melo, N. S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292063 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cherukuri, S. P., Kaur, A., Goyal, B., Kukunoor, H. R., Sahito, A. F., Sachdeva, P., Yerrapragada, G., Poonguzhali, E., Shariff, M. N., Natarajan, T., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17193165 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Treatment
Abbasian, M., Ardekani, A., Sobhani, N., & Roudi, R. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14205144 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lung cancer histopathological image classification using wavelets and AlexNet
Sethy, P. K., Devi, A. G., Padhan, B., Behera, S. K., Sreedhar, S., & Das, K. (2022) · Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology · doi:10.3233/xst-221301 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ali, Y. H., Chinnaperumal, S., Marappan, R., Raju, S. K., Sadiq, A. T., Farhan, A. K., & Srinivasan, P. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020138 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Machine learning for genomic profiling and drug discovery in personalised lung cancer therapeutics
Ahmad, S., Shah, S. N. A., Parveen, R., & Raza, K. (2025) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186x.2025.2530656 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ding, H., Feng, Y., Huang, X., Xu, J., Zhang, T., Liang, Y., Wang, H., Chen, B., Mao, Q., Xia, W., et al. (2023) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.14918 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Machine learning-based lung cancer diagnosis
Di̇ri̇k, M. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Engineering · doi:10.31127/tuje.1180931 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ge, X., Gao, J., Niu, R., Shi, Y., Shao, X., Wang, Y., & Shao, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1242392 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cancer Detection Using Artificial Intelligence: A Paradigm in Early Diagnosis
Gayathri, B., Vidyasagar, K. E. C., Mudigonda, M., & Saikia, M. J. (2025) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-024-10209-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bidzińska, J., & Szurowska, E. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041321 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chen, J., Chen, A., Yang, S., Liu, J., Xie, C., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110325 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sathish, G., Monavarshini, L. K., Sundaram, K., Sendilvelan, S., & Gomathi, K. (2024) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155104 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Future Use of AI in Diagnostic Medicine: 2-Wave Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Cabral, B. P., Braga, L. A. M., Filho, C. G. C., Penteado, B. E., Silva, S. L. F. D. C., Castro, L., Fornazin, M., & Mota, F. B. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/53892 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jim, J. R., Rayed, M. E., Mridha, M. F., & Nur, K. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322488 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Torbati, A. H. M., Pellegrino, S., Fonti, R., Morra, R. P., Placido, S. D., & Vecchio, S. D. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12030472 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Gharaibeh, N. Y., Fazio, R. D., Al-Naami, B. O., Al-hinnawi, A.-R. M., & Visconti, P. (2024) · Journal of Imaging · doi:10.3390/jimaging10070168 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lung tumor segmentation: a review of the state of the art
Hiraman, A., Viriri, S., & Gwetu, M. V. (2024) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1423693 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Thorough Review of the Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer
Kotoulas, S., Spyratos, D., Porpodis, Κ., Domvri, K., Boutou, A., Kaimakamis, E., Mouratidou, C., Alevroudis, I., Dourliou, V., Tsakiri, K., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17050882 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Huang, C., Luo, X., Wang, S., WAN, Y., Wang, J., Tang, X., Schatz, C., Zhang, H., Haybaeck, J., & Yang, Z. (2023) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.13050 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Caloro, E., Cè, M., Gibelli, D. M., Palamenghi, A., Martinenghi, C. M. A., Oliva, G., & Cellina, M. I. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13063860 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ayad, S., Al-Jamimi, H. A., & Kheir, A. E. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3536034 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Comparative performance of PD ‐ L1 scoring by pathologists and AI algorithms
Plass, M., Olteanu, G., Đačić, S., Kern, I., Zacharias, M., Popper, H., Fukuoka, J., Ishijima, S., Kargl, M., Murauer, C., et al. (2025) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.15432 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Why artificial intelligence needs to understand consequences
Savage, N. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00577-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., Gandomkar, Z., Trieu, P. D., Taba, S. T., Barron, M. L., Obeidy, P., & Lewis, S. J. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16020322 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Kim, P.-J., Hwang, H. S., Choi, G., Sung, H.-J., Ahn, B., Uh, J., Yoon, S., Kim, D., Chun, S., Jang, S. J., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56867-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ramsay, A. I. G., Crellin, N., Lawrence, R., Walton, H., Bagri, S., Dodsworth, E., Elphinstone, H., Gleeson, F., Halliday, A., Herbert, K., et al. (2025) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103481 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“1,2 15 However, little is known about real-world implementation, including procurement, preparation for deployment, experiences of staff, patients, and carers, and impact on effectiveness and costs—due in part to very few studies having been conducted on real-world implementation of AI tools for…”
A Holistic Approach to Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer
HaghighiKian, S. M., Shirinzadeh-Dastgiri, A., Vakili-Ojarood, M., Naseri, A., Barahman, M., Saberi, A., Rahmani, A., Shiri, A., Masoudi, A., Aghasipour, M., et al. (2024) · Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13193-024-02079-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jiang, Z., Gandomkar, Z., Trieu, P. D., Taba, S. T., Barron, M. L., & Lewis, S. J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62324-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Advancements and challenges of federated learning in medical imaging: a systematic literature review
Ghosh, D., Mehjabin, M., Rayed, M. E., Mridha, M. F., & Kabir, M. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11489-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mohanadas, H. P., Manikandan, A., Ismail, A. F., Tucker, N., & Jaganathan, S. K. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/72410 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
CA-SegNet: A channel-attention encoder–decoder network for histopathological image segmentation
He, F., Wang, W., Ren, L., Zhao, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhu, Y. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106590 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Patel, A. N., & Srinivasan, K. (2025) · Physica Medica · doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2025.104914 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: From the Lens of Clinicians and Patients
Pandav, K. B., Nasser, S. A., Kimball, K. H., Higgins, K. A., & Madabhushi, A. (2025) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op-24-00797 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lightweight Advanced Deep Neural Network (DNN) Model for Early-Stage Lung Cancer Detection
Bhatia, I., Aarti, A., Ansarullah, S. I., Amin, F., & Alabrah, A. A. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14212356 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sui, L., Chang, S., Xue, L., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Yang, K., Gao, B., & Yin, X.-P. (2023) · Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573405619666230130124408 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ou, D.-X., Lu, C.-W., Chen, L.-W., Lee, W.-Y., Hu, H., Chuang, J.-H., Lin, M., Chen, K., Chiu, L., Chen, J., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16112132 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Development: Transforming Pharmaceutical Innovation
Ali, M. S., Alqahtani, T., Shmrany, H. A., Gupta, G., Goh, K. W., Sahebkar, A., & Kesharwani, P. (2026) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.70281 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Arshad, M. F., Chowdhury, A. T., Sharif, Z., Islam, M. S. B., Sumon, M. S. I., Mohammedkasim, A., Chowdhury, M. E. H., & Pedersen, S. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17243985 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Impact of artificial intelligence on healthcare
Francis, J., Varghese, J. V., & Thomas, A. (2023) · International Journal of Advances in Medicine · doi:10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232839 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
AI-Enhanced Lung Cancer Detection Using the ResNext50 Architecture
Garg, O., Sharma, R., Chattopadhyay, S., Verma, A., & Jain, V. K. (2024) · International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT) · doi:10.1109/conit61985.2024.10627413 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Review of Artificial Intelligence in Lung Nodule Risk Assessment
Wei, Y., Zhou, Q., Wu, J., Xu, X., Gao, Y., Chen, L., Zhan, Y., Zhou, X. S., Wang, C., Shi, F., et al. (2025) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2025.3528946 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lung Cancer Detection with Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Narrative Review
Khouadja, O., & Naceur, M. S. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET) · doi:10.1109/ic_aset58101.2023.10150913 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lung cancer survival prognosis using a two-stage modeling approach
Aggarwal, P., Marwah, N., Kaur, R., & Mittal, A. K. (2024) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-024-18280-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of tumor biophysical properties and their potential role as prognostic markers
Markl, A. M., Nieder, D., Bojórquez, D. I. S., Taubenberger, A. V., Berret, J., Yakimovich, A., Mata, E. S. O., Baraban, L., & Dubrovska, A. (2024) · Cancer Heterogeneity and Plasticity · doi:10.47248/chp2401020011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Multi-level deep imaging features fusion for lung nodule malignancy prediction
Zheng, M., Jia, Q., Zhang, J., Jia, J., & Fu, J. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108530 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stoichiță, A., Ghita, M., Mahler, B., Vlăsceanu, S. G., Ghinet, A., Moșteanu, I.-M., Cioacată, A., Udrea, A., Marcu, A., Mitra, G. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12227115 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Howell, D. R., Buttery, R., Badrinath, P., George, A., Hariprasad, R., Vousden, I., George, T., & Finnis, C. (2023) · BJC Reports · doi:10.1038/s44276-023-00019-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Optimizing Lung Cancer Diagnosis with Machine Learning and Feature Selection Methods
Pechprasarn, S., Suechoey, N., Pholtrakoolwong, N., Tanedvorapinyo, P., & Toboonliang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Current Science and Technology · doi:10.59796/jcst.v14n3.2024.55 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence for Cardiothoracic Imaging: Overview of Current and Emerging Applications
Hochhegger, B., Pasini, R., Carvalho, A. R., Rodrigues, R. S., Altmayer, S., Bittencourt, L. K., Marchiori, E. D. S., & Forghani, R. (2023) · Seminars in Roentgenology · doi:10.1053/j.ro.2023.02.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Respiratory Medicine
Kalaiyarasan, K., & Sridhar, R. (2023) · Journal of Association of Pulmonologist of Tamil Nadu · doi:10.4103/japt.japt_13_23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging Data Analytics using CT Images
Thool, K. B. U., Wankhede, P. A., Yella, V. R., Tamijeselvan, S., Suganthi, D., & Rastogi, R. (2023) · International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) · doi:10.1109/icesc57686.2023.10192998 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Finite element method and hybrid deep learning approaches: high-accuracy lung cancer detection model
Khalefa, S. J. (2024) · Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling Experiments and Design · doi:10.1007/s41939-024-00385-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in lung cancer
Bardoni, C., Spaggiari, L., & Bertolaccini, L. (2024) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-22-2918 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Explainable AI based Lung and Colon Cancer diagnosis using Enhanced Feature Analysis
Kumari, S., Jha, R., Ray, A., Jena, J. J., Gourisaria, M. K., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2025) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.04.160 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ali, T. M., Mir, A., Rehman, A. U., Humayun, M., Shaheen, M., & Alshammari, R. T. S. (2025) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/bmri/9961773 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review
Shahraki-Mohammadi, A., Aliabadi, A., & Karimi, A. (2025) · Health Scope · doi:10.5812/healthscope-158492 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
NLP and oral health information
Selvan, P., Thavarajah, R., & Ranganathan, K. (2023) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology · doi:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_85_23 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Apport de l’intelligence artificielle dans le post-traitement de l’imagerie thoracique
Greniér, P., Brun, A., & Mellot, F. (2023) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires · doi:10.1016/j.rmr.2023.12.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Enhanced Lung Cancer Identification via Deep Learning-Powered Categorization and Segmentation
Sithik, M. M., Santhoshkumar, S. P., Priya, S., Muthu, V., Machap, K., & Nalini, T. (2025) · International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV) · doi:10.1109/icicv64824.2025.11085734 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Detection Lung Nodules Using Medical CT Images Based on Deep learning techniques
Mohammed, A. A., Abdulwahhab, A. H., & Ibraheem, I. K. (2024) · Baghdad Science Journal · doi:10.21123/bsj.2024.11416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trends in AI for Disease and Diagnostic Prediction: A Healthcare Perspective
Mishra, S. K., Chhetri, T., Balakrishnan, A., Roy, S., Gurung, K., Praba, J. J., & Georrge, J. J. (2025) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84404-1_5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Riahi, T., Shateri-Amiri, B., Najafabadi, A. H., Garazhian, S., Radkhah, H., Zooravar, D., Mansouri, S., Aghazadeh, R., Bordbar, M., & Raiszadeh, S. (2025) · Cancer Reports · doi:10.1002/cnr2.70240 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sequential Attribute Designator (SAD)
Das, S., Chaudhuri, A. K., Paul, D., & Ghosh, P. S. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4923-7.ch013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhuan, B., Ma, H., Zhang, B., Li, P., Wang, X., Yuan, Q., Zhao, Y., & Xie, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1158948 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Qiu, S., Malhotra, A. K., & Quon, J. L. (2024) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64892-2_30 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
IM- LTS: An Integrated Model for Lung Tumor Segmentation using Neural Networks and IoMT
Jayapradha, J., Haw, S.-C., Naveen, P., Ng, K.-W., & Thillaigovindhan, S. K. (2025) · MethodsX · doi:10.1016/j.mex.2025.103201 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shrenitha, E., Reddy, M. M., Sushanth, D. U., & Jabbar, M. A. (2024) · International Conference on Distributed Computing and Optimization Techniques (ICDCOT) · doi:10.1109/icdcot61034.2024.10516204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Review on Artificial Intelligence and It’s Applications
Prof. Dhengle Ashwini, B., Vaishnavi, A. S., Bidve, V., Gomchale, B., & Tompe, S. (2024) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2024.58179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, L. A. (2025) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2025-104334 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yang, S., Li, L., Li, H., & Li, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.61186/ijrr.23.2.26 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review on Lung Cancer Prediction Using ML and DL Techniques
Leema Raina, F., & Anbarasi, C. (2025) · International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics (ICDICI) · doi:10.1109/icdici66477.2025.11135261 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Radiology for Medical Imaging Diagnostics
Gomase, V. S., & Ghatule, A. P. (2025) · Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) · doi:10.2174/0123520965407792250811093550 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Non-invasive Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Through Multimodal Clinical Data
Lu, Y., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc58623.2025.11253295 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Malik, S., & Zaheer, S. (2026) · Surgical and Experimental Pathology · doi:10.1186/s42047-026-00218-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Early Lung Cancer Prediction by Artificial Intelligence - Inspired Algorithm
Antima, Vennila, B., Ragavan, V. K. S., Kumar, K. S., Rathore, S. P. S., & Sikarwar, S. S. (2025) · International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON) · doi:10.1109/iscon65210.2025.11340963 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Depuru, S., Yashaswini, S., Madarsa, D. P., Reddy, R. N. K., Jaswanth, P. C., & Amala, K. (2025) · International Conference on Evolutionary Computing and Mobile Sustainable Networks (ICECMSN) · doi:10.1109/icecmsn68058.2025.11383051 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jyothi, B., & Gladence, L. M. (2026) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-026-10009-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ramsay, A. I. G., Herbert, K., Lawrence, R., Sherlaw‐Johnson, C., Bagri, S., Crellin, N. E., Dodsworth, E., Elphinstone, H., Halliday, A., Lloyd, J., et al. (2025) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/gjar2722 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
How Artificial Intelligence can Aid Screening and Detecting Lung Cancer in Lung Cancer Patients
Ramesh, R. (2023) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4238 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Haq, A. U., Li, J., Hussain, K., Saboor, A., & Khan, T. M. (2023) · International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP) · doi:10.1109/iccwamtip60502.2023.10387007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DAE-DBN: An Effective Lung Cancer Detection Model Based on Hybrid Deep Learning Approaches
Schnawa, S. A., Rafie, M., & Taha, M. S. (2024) · Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59711-4_10 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Intelligent System for Prediction of Lung Cancer Under Machine Learning Framework
Bhandari, A., Majumder, A. B., & Das, S. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3242-5_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
van Daalen, F., Henriksen, M. B., Hansen, T. F., Jensen, L. H., Brasen, C. L., Hilberg, O., Andersen, M. T., Humerfelt, E., Wee, L., & Bermejo, I. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16233989 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Image Enhancement and Machine Learning Methods
Khan, T. F., & Zubair, S. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81342-9_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Horne, A., Abravan, A., Fornacon-Wood, I., O’Connor, J. P. B., Price, G. J., McWilliam, A., & Finn, C. F. (2025) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1093/bjr/tqaf051 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nechifor-Boilă, I. A., Nechifor-Boilă, A. C., Loghin, A., Mihu, C. M., Melincovici, C. S., Onofrei, M. M., Chibelean, C. B., Martha, O. K. I., & Borda, A. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15060839 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chiu, H.-Y., Chao, H.-S., & Chen, Y.-M.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chao, Heng-Sheng
- Venue
- Cancers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1370
- ISSN
- 2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8946647
- OpenAlex
- W4220889814
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 110-2321-B-075-001)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- lung cancer, artificial intelligence, lung cancer screening, chest CT, chest radiography, whole slide imaging, EGFR mutation, PD-L1 expression, outcome prediction, drug response prediction, clinical decision support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review