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Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives
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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.
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“The theory of mitochondrial free radicals in senescence proposes that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs with aging, results in an increased production of ROS, which in turn causes further mitochondrial and global cellular damage.”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [46]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hajam, Y. A., Rani, R., Ganie, S. Y., Sheikh, T. A., Javaid, D., Qadri, S. S., Pramodh, S., Alsulimani, A., Alkhanani, M. F., Harakeh, S., Hussain, A., Haque, S., & Reshi, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Career Point University (IN)
- Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University (IN)
- Zayed University (AE)
- Jazan University (SA)
- Almaarefa University (SA)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai (AE)
- Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Hussain, Arif
- Haque, Shafiul
- Reshi, Mohd Salim
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-02-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 552
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8833991
- OpenAlex
- W4210796776
- Cited by
- 915
- References
- 218
- Citations by year
- 2026: 165 · 2025: 330 · 2024: 226 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 44
- FWCI
- 16.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bursa Uludag University - AVESIS (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Jazan University
- University Grants Commission (/2018)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, antioxidants, aging, age-related diseases, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress signaling
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Humans, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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