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Sorting Mechanisms for MicroRNAs into Extracellular Vesicles and Their Associated Diseases

Groot, Michael, Lee, Heedoo·2020·Cells
DOI 10.3390/cells9041044PMC PMC7226101
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known for many years, only recently has research begun to identify their function in intercellular communication and gene regulation. Importantly, cells have the ability to selectively sort miRNA into EVs for secretion to nearby or distant targets. These mechanisms broadly include RNA-binding proteins such as hnRNPA2B1 and Argonaute-2, but also membranous proteins involved in EV biogenesis such as Caveolin-1 and Neural Sphingomyelinase 2. Moreover, certain disease states have also identified dysregulated EV-miRNA content, shedding light on the potential role of selective sorting in pathogenesis. These pathologies include chronic lung disease, immune response, neuroinflammation, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and heart disease. In this review, we will overview the mechanisms whereby cells selectively sort miRNA into EVs and also outline disease states where EV-miRNAs become dysregulated.

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Metadata

Authors
Groot, M., & Lee, H.
Affiliations
  • Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
  • Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
ORCID
Groot, Michael
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-04-22
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
1044
ISSN
2073-4409
DOI
10.3390/cells9041044
PMC
PMC7226101
Cited by
364
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Changwon National University (Changwon National University in 2019~2020)

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