Cited by 84Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations

Open access
Leuchtmann, Aurel B., Adak, Volkan, Dilbaz, Sedat, Handschin, Christoph·2021·Frontiers in Physiology

Abstract

Exercise, in the form of endurance or resistance training, leads to specific molecular and cellular adaptions not only in skeletal muscles, but also in many other organs such as the brain, liver, fat or bone. In addition to direct effects of exercise on these organs, the production and release of a plethora of different signaling molecules from skeletal muscle are a centerpiece of systemic plasticity. Most studies have so far focused on the regulation and function of such myokines in acute exercise bouts. In contrast, the secretome of long-term training adaptation remains less well understood, and the contribution of non-myokine factors, including metabolites, enzymes, microRNAs or mitochondrial DNA transported in extracellular vesicles or by other means, is underappreciated. In this review, we therefore provide an overview on the current knowledge of endurance and resistance exercise-induced factors of the skeletal muscle secretome that mediate muscular and systemic adaptations to long-term training. Targeting these factors and leveraging their functions could not only have broad implications for athletic performance, but also for the prevention and therapy in diseased and elderly populations.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2021.709807

Cites

296 of 296 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Chronic exercise is associated with altered humoral factors even at rest, suggesting that exerkine changes can reflect chronic training effects.

    “Chronic exercise is also associated with altered humoral factors, even in the resting state, suggesting that exerkine alterations can reflect the effects of chronic training27.”

    From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

  • Chronic exercise responses typically focus on long-term metabolic adaptations and decreased inflammation.

    “chronic exercise exposure is associated with responses focused on long-term metabolic adaptations and decreased inflammation27.”

    From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

  • Interplay between the endothelium and established exerkines such as nitric oxide and VEGF influences vascular tone, inflammation, regeneration and thrombosis, and has an important role in cardiovascular and overall resilience.

    “interplay between the endothelium and established exerkines, such as nitric oxide52 and VEGF27, has been shown to influence vascular tone, inflammation, regeneration and thrombosis, and has an important role in cardiovascular and overall resilience67.”

    From Exerkines in health, resilience and disease (2022) · cites this paper as [27]

  • The interplay between the endothelium and the exerkines NO• and VEGF can modulate vascular tone, inflammation, regeneration, and thrombosis, with an important role in cardiovascular resilience.

    “Notably, the interplay between the endothelium and the exerkines NO• 174 and VEGF 175 can modulate vascular tone, inflammation, regeneration, and thrombosis, with an important role in cardiovascular resilience-that is, absence of actual CVD despite existing risk factors.176”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

3 of the 299 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Leuchtmann, A. B., Adak, V., Dilbaz, S., & Handschin, C.
Affiliations
University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Handschin, Christoph
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Published
2021-08-12
Volume
12
Pages
709807-709807
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3194320899
Cited by
84
References
299
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 2
FWCI
1.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • edoc (University of Basel)
Funders
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
  • FP7 Ideas: European Research Council
  • Swiss Cancer Research Foundation
  • Novartis Stiftung für Medizinisch-Biologische Forschung
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
myokines, endurance training, resistance training, extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial DNA, microRNA

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review