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Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview
Open accessAbstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) is one of the most available and widely produced bast fibers with high cellulose content. Interest in these fibers is warranted due to environmental protection challenges as well as their inherent properties such as low density, high specific strength, and stiffness. In addition, advanced research and progress have gone into increasing their mechanical performance through surface treatments and in the development of new materials. The most promising application for hemp fibers is as reinforcement in polymeric composites or through hybridization. Nonetheless, more research is needed to improve their properties and expand their range of applications. The biodegradability issue is one problem that must be addressed when considering long life-cycle applications as the reproducibility of these composites’ final properties. This review is a comprehensive literature review on hemp fibers. It includes hemp fibers’ chemical and mechanical properties, surface modifications, hybrid composites, as well as current and future applications.
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“It is composed of 70% to 75% cellulose, 15% to 20% hemicellulose, 3% to 5% lignin, 0.8% pectin, 2% to 6% extractives, and 1% to 2% ash content (Manaia et al. 2019; Möller and Popescu 2009; Zheljazkov et al. 2023).”
From A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic practices, and valorization into sustainable bioproducts (2025) · cites this paper as Manaia et al. 2019
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“Hemp bast fibers are regarded as the strongest and longest natural fiber, and they are cheaper to manufacture, and last far longer than materials such as cotton (Cherney and Small 2016; Manaia et al. 2019; Rehman et al. 2021).”
From A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic practices, and valorization into sustainable bioproducts (2025) · cites this paper as Manaia et al. 2019
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Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Manaia, J. P., Manaia, A. T., & Rodriges, L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Pedro Nunes (PT)
- Centro Tecnológico das Indústrias Têxtil e do Vestuário de Portugal (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Manaia, João P.
- ORCID
- Manaia, João P.
- Venue
- Fibers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-12-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 106
- ISSN
- 2079-6439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2990883936
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 9.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fibers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Interreg (SOE2 / P1 / P0524)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Fiber-reinforced polymer composites
- Keywords
- industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa, bast fibers, cellulose, mechanical properties, surface treatment, hybrid composites, polymer composites, biodegradability, fiber-reinforced composites, environmental protection
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