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Predictors of Response to Ketamine in Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Extant evidence indicates that ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depressive (TRD) symptoms as a part of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The identification of depressed sub-populations that are more likely to benefit from ketamine treatment remains a priority. In keeping with this view, the present narrative review aims to identify the pretreatment predictors of response to ketamine in TRD as part of MDD and BD. Method: Electronic search engines PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles from inception to January 2018. The search term ketamine was cross-referenced with the terms depression, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, predictors, and response and/or remission. Results: Multiple baseline pretreatment predictors of response were identified, including clinical (i.e., Body Mass Index (BMI), history of suicide, family history of alcohol use disorder), peripheral biochemistry (i.e., adiponectin levels, vitamin B12 levels), polysomnography (abnormalities in delta sleep ratio), neurochemistry (i.e., glutamine/glutamate ratio), neuroimaging (i.e., anterior cingulate cortex activity), genetic variation (i.e., Val66Met BDNF allele), and cognitive functioning (i.e., processing speed). High BMI and a positive family history of alcohol use disorder were the most replicated predictors. Conclusions: A pheno-biotype of depression more, or less likely, to benefit with ketamine treatment is far from complete. Notwithstanding, metabolic-inflammatory alterations are emerging as possible pretreatment response predictors of depressive symptom improvement, most notably being cognitive impairment. Sophisticated data-driven computational methods that are iterative and agnostic are more likely to provide actionable baseline pretreatment predictive information.
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“More specifically, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with cognitive processes [112,123,124,125,126,127], and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) [128,129] and AD [130,131], and even more with several brain disorders, including MDD and bipolar disorder [132,133,134,135,136,137], epilepsy [138,139,140], schizophrenia [125,141,142,143,144], aging”
From Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [136]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rong, C., Park, C., Rosenblat, J. D., Subramaniapillai, M., Zuckerman, H., Fus, D., Lee, Y. L., Pan, Z., Brietzke, E., Mansur, R. B., Cha, D. S., Lui, L. M. W., & McIntyre, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McIntyre, Roger S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-04-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 771
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5923813
- OpenAlex
- W2802678418
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- ketamine, treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, predictors of treatment response, body mass index, family history of alcoholism, adiponectin, vitamin B12, glutamine/glutamate ratio, anterior cingulate cortex, processing speed, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Ketamine, Treatment Outcome, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
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