Cited by 1,589Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines

Berton, Olivier, Nestler, Eric J.·2006·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abstract

All available antidepressant medications are based on serendipitous discoveries of the clinical efficacy of two classes of antidepressants more than 50 years ago. These tricyclic and monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants were subsequently found to promote serotonin or noradrenaline function in the brain. Newer agents are more specific but have the same core mechanisms of action in promoting these monoamine neurotransmitters. This is unfortunate, because only approximately 50% of individuals with depression show full remission in response to these mechanisms. This review summarizes the obstacles that have hindered the development of non-monoamine-based antidepressants, and provides a progress report on some of the most promising current strategies.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrn1846

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13 of 13 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Chronic antidepressant treatment can reverse CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors, including social avoidance.

    “Chronic antidepressant treatment can reverse CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors, including social avoidance25, 32.”
  • In rodents, CSDS induces a depression-like phenotype (social avoidance, anhedonia) in a subset of mice termed stress-susceptible that can be reversed only by chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment.

    “Similarly, in rodents, CSDS induces a depression-like phenotype (social avoidance, anhedonia) in a subset of mice termed stress-susceptible (SS) that can be reversed only by chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment25, 26.”
  • Experimental control over the intensity of social defeat stress exposure makes it possible to examine a wide range of individual responses across molecular, cellular and behavioral endpoints.

    “Experimental control over the intensity of social defeat stress exposure makes it possible to examine a wide range of individual responses across molecular, cellular and behavioral endpoints20,21.”
  • Social defeat stress provides a potential means to investigate components of the basic neuropathology underlying affective illnesses, which is providing fundamentally new information about the molecular basis of affective disorders to aid in the development of novel antidepressant treatment strategies.

    “Thus, social defeat stress provides a potential means to investigate components of the basic neuropathology underlying affective illnesses8,33–36, which is providing fundamentally new information about the molecular basis of affective disorders to aid in the development of novel antidepressant treatment strategies20.”

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Authors
Berton, O., & Nestler, E. J.
Affiliations
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Nestler, Eric J.
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Published
2006-02
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
137-151
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
OpenAlex
W2035421865
Cited by
1,589
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 90 · 2012: 115
FWCI
9.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
antidepressant drug discovery, depression, monoamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antidepressant resistance
MeSH terms
Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Brain Chemistry, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Models, Neurological, Biogenic Monoamines

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