New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines
Abstract
All available antidepressant medications are based on serendipitous discoveries of the clinical efficacy of two classes of antidepressants more than 50 years ago. These tricyclic and monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants were subsequently found to promote serotonin or noradrenaline function in the brain. Newer agents are more specific but have the same core mechanisms of action in promoting these monoamine neurotransmitters. This is unfortunate, because only approximately 50% of individuals with depression show full remission in response to these mechanisms. This review summarizes the obstacles that have hindered the development of non-monoamine-based antidepressants, and provides a progress report on some of the most promising current strategies.
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Chronic antidepressant treatment can reverse CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors, including social avoidance.
“Chronic antidepressant treatment can reverse CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors, including social avoidance25, 32.”
From Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
In rodents, CSDS induces a depression-like phenotype (social avoidance, anhedonia) in a subset of mice termed stress-susceptible that can be reversed only by chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment.
“Similarly, in rodents, CSDS induces a depression-like phenotype (social avoidance, anhedonia) in a subset of mice termed stress-susceptible (SS) that can be reversed only by chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment25, 26.”
From Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental control over the intensity of social defeat stress exposure makes it possible to examine a wide range of individual responses across molecular, cellular and behavioral endpoints.
“Experimental control over the intensity of social defeat stress exposure makes it possible to examine a wide range of individual responses across molecular, cellular and behavioral endpoints20,21.”
From A standardized protocol for repeated social defeat stress in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
Social defeat stress provides a potential means to investigate components of the basic neuropathology underlying affective illnesses, which is providing fundamentally new information about the molecular basis of affective disorders to aid in the development of novel antidepressant treatment strategies.
“Thus, social defeat stress provides a potential means to investigate components of the basic neuropathology underlying affective illnesses8,33–36, which is providing fundamentally new information about the molecular basis of affective disorders to aid in the development of novel antidepressant treatment strategies20.”
From A standardized protocol for repeated social defeat stress in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Berton, O., & Nestler, E. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nestler, Eric J.
- ORCID
- Nestler, Eric J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-151
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2035421865
- Cited by
- 1,589
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 90 · 2012: 115
- FWCI
- 9.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- antidepressant drug discovery, depression, monoamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antidepressant resistance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Brain Chemistry, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Models, Neurological, Biogenic Monoamines
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