A Brief Spanish Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). A Dispositional Mindfulness Measure
Open accessAbstract
Dispositional Mindfulness (DM) is the awareness of the thoughts and feelings in the present moment. DM in children and adolescents has been related to mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based interventions, which have shown significant mediation relationships with mental health outcomes (for instance, lower social anxiety, depression symptoms, or perceived stress). However, the assessment of DM among children and adolescents is being unsatisfactory due cultural biases and/or reliability issues. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in a sample of 687 children and adolescents between 8 and 16 years old. Although the CAMM has been validated in English, Portuguese, Italian, and Catalonian versions, until now no data has been reported in a Spanish context. Results showed that the best CAMM factor structure was constituted by five items from the original version (1, 4, 7, 8, and 9). These items defined dispositional mindfulness. The rest of the items (2, 3, 5, 6, and 10) were eliminated from the Spanish final version. The analyses revealed good reliability and internal consistency for the Spanish version of the CAMM. As we expected, the confirmatory factor analysis showed the unidimensional structure of the CAMM.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The original CAMM seems to be culturally biased when translated and validated in Spanish samples.
“The original CAMM [35] seems to be cultural biased when is translated and validated in Spanish samples [46,47]”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · see citing works
Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234 · see citing works
Book Review: Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation
Kahle, L. R., & Malhotra, N. K. (1994) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151953 · Cited by 7,083 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several mindfulness-based programs have become increasingly popular, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) [10,11]; mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) [12–14]; and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) [15].”
BackgroundMindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7 · Cited by 3,958 · see citing works
Assessment of Mindfulness by Self-Report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191104268029 · Cited by 2,298 · see citing works
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.5 · Cited by 2,127 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2003) · Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb04008.x · Cited by 1,394 · see citing works
Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00311.x · Cited by 1,245 · see citing works
Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., Joiner, T. E., Rudolph, K. D., Potter, K. I., Lambert, S. F., Osborne, L. N., & Gathright, T. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.326 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Perkowski, R., & Perkowski, A. (2000) · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Nevitt, J., & Hancock, G. R. (2001) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0803_2 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Kuyken, W., Warren, F. C., Taylor, R. S., Whalley, B., Crane, C., Bondolfi, G., Hayes, R., Huijbers, M., Ma, H., Schweizer, S., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0076 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review
Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20400 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Burke, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9282-x · Cited by 730 · cited 1× · see citing works
“MBI studies have shown efficacious approaches to promoting psychological health and well-being [17].”
BackgroundGreco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0022819 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
The structure of common emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic examination
Naragon-Gainey, K., McMahon, T. P., & Chacko, T. P. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000093 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Mindfulness and its relationship to emotional regulation
Hill, C. L. M., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026355 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review
Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vittersø, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Parsons, C. E., Crane, C., Parsons, L. J., Fjorback, L. O., & Kuyken, W. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.004 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.1.107 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Semple, R. J., Lee, J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. F. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9301-y · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Brief mindfulness training for negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Schumer, M. C., Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000324 · Cited by 316 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When applying MBI to adolescents and children, two recent meta-analysis [4,18] reported that mindful trainings led to positive effects on their psychological functioning (see also [19,20]), propitiating reduction of some key psychological problems such as depression, and anxiety, facilitating externalization of proble…”
MethodMindfulness and Self-Compassion: Exploring Pathways to Adolescent Emotional Well-Being
Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
When what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective well-being
Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, P. A., & Orzech, K. M. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.07.002 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Dispositional mindfulness: A critical review of construct validation research
Rau, H. K., & Williams, P. G. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.035 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The relationship between dispositional mindfulness, attachment security and emotion regulation
Goodall, K., Trejnowska, A., & Darling, S. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.008 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Goldin, P., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.242 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Ciesla, J. A., Reilly, L. C., Dickson, K. S., Emanuel, A. S., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.698724 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
(2012) · PubMed · Cited by 143 · see citing works
On being aware and accepting: A one‐year longitudinal study into adolescent well‐being
Ciarrochi, J., Kashdan, T. B., Leeson, P., Heaven, P., & Jordan, C. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.09.003 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Primary Teachers' Conceptions of Giftedness
Moon, T. R., & Brighton, C. M. (2008) · journal for the education of the gifted · doi:10.4219/jeg-2008-793 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A cognitive perspective on mindfulness
Holas, P., & Jankowski, T. (2012) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207594.2012.658056 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Martín-Asuero, A., & García-Banda, G. (2010) · The Spanish journal of psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600002547 · Cited by 120 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several mindfulness-based programs have become increasingly popular, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) [10,11]; mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) [12–14]; and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) [15].”
BackgroundEscalas Panas de afecto positivo y negativo para niños y adolescentes (PANASN)
Sandín, B. (2003) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.8.num.2.2003.3953 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
de Bruin, E. I., Zijlstra, B. J. H., & Bögels, S. M. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0196-8 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: A dual process perspective
Zhang, J., & Wu, C. (2014) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.006 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) with Non-Clinical Adolescents
Kuby, A. K., McLean, N., & Allen, K. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0418-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The relationship between emotional intelligence and trait mindfulness: A meta-analytic review
Miao, C., Humphrey, R., & Qian, S. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.06.051 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Schmidt∗, R. E., Gay, P., Courvoisier, D. S., Jermann, F., Ceschi, G., David, M., Brinkmann, K., & der Linden, M. V. (2009) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890902935738 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Behavioral Profiles of Clinically Referred Children with Intellectual Giftedness
Guénolé, F., Louis, J., Creveuil, C., Baleyte, J.-M., Montlahuc, C., Fourneret, P., & Revol, O. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/540153 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Petrides, K. V., Gómez, M. G., & Pérez-González, J. C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2079 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cebolla, A., Luciano, J. V., Demarzo, M., Navarro‐Gil, M., & García‐Campayo, J. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Logan, D. E., Claar, R. L., Guite, J. W., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., Lynch-Jordan, A. M., Palermo, T. M., Wilson, A. C., & Zhou, C. (2013) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.01.777 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cunha, M. I. V. A., Galhardo, A. B., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2013) · Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica · doi:10.1590/s0102-79722013000300005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Dion, J., Paquette, L., Daigneault, I., Godbout, N., & Hébert, M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0807-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Viñas, F., Malo, S., González, M., Navarro, D., & Casas, F. (2015) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2015.48 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hambour, V. K., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Clear, S., Rowe, S., & Avdagic, E. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.037 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Turanzas, J. A., Cordón, J. R., Choca, J. P., & Mestre, J. M. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0985-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSaggino, A., Bartoccini, A., Sergi, M. R., Romanelli, R., Macchia, A., & Tommasi, M. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0712-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nitzan-Assayag, Y., Yuval, K., Tanay, G., Aderka, I. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Litz, B., & Bernstein, A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0666-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Calvete, E., & Royuela-Colomer, E. (2016) · Mindfulness & Compassion · doi:10.1016/j.mincom.2016.11.001 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jiménez-Ros, A. M., Orgambídez-Ramos, A., & Orts, L. M. P. (2015) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.20.num.2.2015.15167 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [46]Malhotra K.S. Dash S. Marketing Research an Applied Orientation Pearson Publishing London, UK 2011
- [51]Schneider J. McGrew K.S. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model of Intelligence Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests, and Issues 3rd ed. Guilford Press New York, NY, USA 2012 99 144
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Measuring Mental Wellness of Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Instruments
Orth, Z., Moosajee, F., & van Wyk, B. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835601 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
García-Gómez, M., Guerra, J., López-Ramos, V. M., & Mestre, J. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234687 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“The original CAMM [35] seems to be cultural biased when is translated and validated in Spanish samples [46,47]; despite good reliabilities with the 10-item CAMM, it fits better when some items were removed (# 5 and 10 for Turanzas’s version [34]; # 2, 5, and 10 for the García-Rubio et al.”
MethodBaumann, I., Gruber, E., Vonderlin, E., Bents, H., Heidenreich, T., Kalmar, J., & Mander, J. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01943-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
COVID-19-Related distress, body image, and eating behaviors: a cross-sectional explanatory model
Rodrigue, C., Rodgers, R. F., Carbonneau, N., Bégin, C., & Dion, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01613-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Folch, A., Gasol, L., Heredia, L., Vicens, P., & Torrente, M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02572-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Longitudinal associations between dispositional mindfulness and addictive behaviors in adolescents
Cortázar, N., & Calvete, E. (2021) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.1598 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lenoir, C., Hinman, J. M., Yi, Z., & Dixon, M. R. (2022) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-022-00259-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Navas, J. M. M. (2020) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.29.1.2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in International Contexts
Krägeloh, C. U., & Strohmaier, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89738-3_17-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sanders, A., Gains, H., Baer, R. A., Ball, S., Jones, B., Banks, H. A., Meléndez‐Torres, G. J., & Ukoumunne, O. C. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02166-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wasylkowska, M. A., Kobylińska, D., Mituniewicz, J., & Holas, P. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02568-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Features of Using the Russian Version of the Dispositional Mindfulness Scale (CAMM) for Teenagers
Zotova, L. E., Gubanov, A. V., & Sidyacheva, N. V. (2020) · Psychological-Educational Studies · doi:10.17759/psyedu.2020120205 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dion, J., Rodrigue, C., Jean, M., Paquette, L., Daigneault, I., Jean-Baptiste, F., & Godbout, N. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02531-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
Doğan, R. Y., Demir, E., Öz, S., & Demircioğlu, H. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231212844 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Measurements Used in Studying Mindfulness-Based Programs
Lo, H. H. M. (2024) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51943-7_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Measuring mindfulness in adolescence: Literature review
Krol, P., & Štěrbová, D. (2020) · Acta Salus Vitae · doi:10.58743/asv2020vol8no1.211
حسين, ر. ش. أ. (2021) · المجلة التربوية لکلية التربية بسوهاج · doi:10.21608/edusohag.2021.180005
Lo, H. H. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24926-6_22
Adaptation and Validation of the Mindful Student Questionnaire in Chinese
Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Feng, R., Hao, X., Felver, J. C., Zhang, Y., & Razza, R. A. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02299-x
Zouki, C.-J. E., Malaeb, D. N., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Hallit, S. R., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., & Obeïd, S. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4522801/v1
García-Taibo, O., Ferriz Valero, A., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., & Baena‐Morales, S. (2024) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2024.06151
Messungen, die in achtsamkeitsbasierten Programmen verwendet werden
Lo, H. H. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83285-7_3
Zouki, C.-J. E., Malaeb, D. N., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Hallit, S. R., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., & Obeïd, S. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2025.2573645
Rodrigue, C., Rodgers, R. F., Carbonneau, N., Bégin, C., & Dion, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26687891
Validation of the Portuguese Five-Item Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM-5-PT)
Cunha, M. I. V. A., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Galhardo, A. B. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02899-3
- Authors
- Guerra, J., García-Gómez, M., Turanzas, J., Cordón, J. R., Suárez-Jurado, C., & Mestre, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad de Murcia, 30001 Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (ES)
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Social Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera, 11405 Cádiz, Spain
- Universidad de Cádiz (ES)
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-04-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1355
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6517968
- OpenAlex
- W2940183479
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repository University of Extremadura (University of Extremadura) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Cádiz
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, trait mindfulness, Spanish adaptation, psychometric validation, children and adolescents, factor structure, reliability statistics, internal consistency, cross-cultural adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Spain, Reproducibility of Results, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
