The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) in a Semi-Urban Saudi Population
Open accessAbstract
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in Saudi Arabia, causing a huge burden for individuals, families, and communities. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among a semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia. (2) Research methods: The research design was cross-sectional, and the research was conducted in five primary health care centers (PHCC) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was calculated as 353. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data after obtaining ethical approval. Blood samples were taken to assess glucose levels and other variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data. (3) Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 34.6%. The disease was more prevalent among the older respondents compared with the younger age groups (44.6% versus 15.6%). We found that females acquire the disease at a slightly higher rate than males (34.9% versus 34.2%), but this difference is not statistically significant. The sociodemographic risk factors of the disease were as follows: old age (44%), business and private occupation (38.5%), divorced or widowed (56.3%), and low income (42.4%). The health behaviors factors were as follows: overweight or obese status (42.3%), high triglycerides (TG) (43.4%), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (37.3%), and high total cholesterol (23.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in these risk factors between patients with and without diabetes. (4) Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia is high. The disease is more prevalent among elderly respondents and is associated with obesity, high TG, low HDL, and high total cholesterol.
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Cultural values and family roles played an important part in behavior.
“Cultural values and family roles played an important part in behavior, as shown in qualitative studies by [32,35].”
From Methodological Approaches in Studying Type-2 Diabetes-Related Health Behaviors—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says marriage affects lifestyle and that couples may eat more and become less active after marriage, offering limited support for a family-related influence on behavior. It does not examine cultural values or family roles, and the Patients and Methods section (page unavailable) describes a cross-sectional study, not a qualitative study. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncorporating cultural beliefs, gender roles, and social structures in behavioral assessments is valuable for intervention design and interpretation.
“Research by [35] and [32] highlighted the importance of incorporating cultural beliefs, gender roles, and social structures in behavioral assessments, emphasizing the value of cultural context in intervention design and interpretation.”
From Methodological Approaches in Studying Type-2 Diabetes-Related Health Behaviors—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Patients and Methods section records social and lifestyle history, and the Discussion examines differences by sex, occupation, and marital status and calls for further community-level social studies. The paper does not discuss incorporating cultural beliefs or gender roles into behavioral assessments, or explain how cultural context should guide intervention design and interpretation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured[32,35] examined how generational dietary norms, family dynamics, and food beliefs shaped self-management in specific communities.
“For example, [32,35] examined how generational dietary norms, family dynamics, and food beliefs shaped selfmanagement in specific communities.”
From Methodological Approaches in Studying Type-2 Diabetes-Related Health Behaviors—A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Abstract describes a cross-sectional study of diabetes prevalence and risk factors in a semi-urban Saudi population. The Discussion mentions daily fatty-food consumption, but does not examine generational dietary norms, family dynamics, food beliefs, or their effects on self-management. Searches for those concepts found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Al Mansour, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-12-18
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6981763
- OpenAlex
- W2995662181
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 16.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Majmaah University (R-1441-)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevalence, diabetes risk factors, semi-urban population, Saudi Arabia, obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, sociodemographic factors, health behavior, primary health centers, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia, Urban Health, Prevalence
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