Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress and Burnout among Medical Students: Findings from Two Campuses
Open accessAbstract
Medical training is intensive and predisposes students to psychological distress and burnout. Unaddressed burnout in medical training may persist in the internship phase and impact the quality of patient care. While some associations have been established, the link between some individual factors and training characteristics with distress and burnout in medical training remained unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and burnout, and its association with gender, training phase, funding status, cumulative grade points average (CGPA), and coping strategies among medical students. The study applied a multicenter cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling on medical students from two medical schools from Malaysia and India. We used a self-reporting instrument that includes demographic details, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). A total of 748 medical students participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress, personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout were 33.0%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 26.2%, respectively. Being male, clinical year, self-funded, and having a CGPA of more than 3.50 predicted psychological distress and burnout with mixed results. Maladaptive coping mechanisms consistently predicted the risk of psychological distress and burnout by more than two times. The findings indicate that primary and secondary mental health interventions have a role in medical training. A systematic intervention should incorporate coping skills training alongside institutional-targeted intervention.
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Psychological and behavioral responses to demands and stressors play a role in burnout development among medical students, whose risk of burnout is almost doubled when maladaptive coping patterns are adopted.
“Psychological and behavioral responses to demands and stressors play a role in burnout development among medical students, whose risk of burnout is almost doubled when maladaptive coping patterns are adopted [30-33].”
From Evaluation of an App-Delivered Psychological Flexibility Skill Training Intervention for Medical Student Burnout and Well-being: Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
The Introduction links coping responses to burnout, and Results §3.5 reports roughly doubled odds of burnout across three domains with each one-point increase in maladaptive coping (ORs 1.94–2.33). The study measures increases in a coping score, not the effect of adopting maladaptive coping versus not adopting it; it reports odds rather than a doubling of risk. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Arif, N. M. N. A., Roslan, N. S., Ismail, S. B., Nayak, R. D., Jamian, M. R., Mohamad Ali Roshidi, A. S., Edward, T. C., Kamal, M. A., Mohd Amin, M. M., Shaari, S., & Shaharudin Basri, M. F.
- Affiliations
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roslan, Nurhanis Syazni
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8446
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8393359
- OpenAlex
- W3188171815
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- psychological distress, burnout, medical students, medical training, coping strategies, maladaptive coping, gender differences, training stages, self-funded students, grade point average, patient-related burnout, mental health interventions, coping skills training
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Psychological, Psychological Distress, Adaptation, Psychological, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Students, Medical, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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