Research on Adolescents Regarding the Indirect Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress between TikTok Use Disorder and Memory Loss
Open accessAbstract
This research involved the participation of 3036 Chinese students in the first and second years of senior high school. The adolescents were active users of TikTok. The mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and memory loss was investigated. A forward and backward digit span test was applied to measure memory loss. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was established, and SPSS Amos was used for analysis. The results show a partial mediation effect of depression and anxiety between TikTok use disorder and forward digit span. A partial mediation effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and backward digit span is also shown. These results also show gender differences. Attention should be given to male students, who have more depression, anxiety, and stress than female students; they also have more memory loss.
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Several studies reported negative effects on short-term memory and working memory, especially among those with high levels of social media addiction.
“Several studies reported negative effects on short-term memory and working memory, especially among those with high levels of social media addiction [10, 24, 27].”
From Impact of social media on cognitive development of children and young adults: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results and Conclusions report that TikTok use disorder was linked to poorer forward and backward digit-span performance among Chinese adolescents, supporting the memory-related part of the claim. The paper reports associations, not causal effects, and does not separately establish that the effect is especially pronounced in a high-addiction subgroup or across social media generally. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredShort-form video is linked to working memory dysfunction.
“SFV is linked to triggering distraction, memory attrition (Asif & Kazi, 2022), boredom (Tam & Inzlicht, 2024), WM dysfunction (Sha & Dong, 2021), and overall cognition (Nguyen et al., 2025).”
From The Relationship Between TikTok Usage and Executive Function Is Mediated by Problematic Social Media Use (2025) · cites this paper as Sha & Dong, 2021
The Results and Conclusions link TikTok use disorder to poorer forward and backward digit-span performance, which the study uses to assess memory loss. This supports a link to memory difficulties, but the study concerns adolescents with TikTok use disorder, not short-form video use generally, and does not establish working-memory dysfunction as a clinical condition. Section 2.2 describes the digit-span measures; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSix studies used only standardized tests in their original or adapted form.
“Six studies used only standardized tests (in their original or adapted form) [73, 78, 79, 83–85]”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
The Measurement Instruments section describes an adapted Smartphone Addiction Scale and use of the DASS-21, supporting this paper’s inclusion among studies using established tests. It also describes forward and backward digit-span testing, but does not establish that its digit-span procedure was a standardized test in original or adapted form. This paper cannot substantiate the count of six studies on its own. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome included studies highlighted that time spent on TikTok correlates both with PTU as well as risk of mental distress and depressive symptoms in teens.
“Some of them highlighted that time spent on TikTok correlates both with PTU as well as risk of mental distress and depressive symptoms in teens [68, 69, 85].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
The Discussion and Conclusions (pages unavailable in our copy) report that TikTok use disorder is positively linked to depression, anxiety, and stress in the adolescent sample. But the Measurement Instruments section describes a disorder-risk scale, not a measure of time spent on TikTok; the paper does not establish the claimed correlation between time spent and either PTU or mental distress. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSha et al. showed that TikTok use disorder was positively linked to memory loss, depression, anxiety, and stress.
“Sha et al. [85] showed that TikTok use disorder was positively linked to memory loss, depression, anxiety, and stress.”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
Data handling was mostly appropriate, though some studies lacked transparency in managing missing data or confounding variables.
“Data handling was mostly appropriate, though some studies lacked transparency in managing missing data or confounding variables, raising concerns about the validity of their results [10, 22–26].”
From Impact of social media on cognitive development of children and young adults: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
The Methods (§2.3) identify the statistical software used, and the Results (§3) describe the analyses, but neither assesses whether data handling was appropriate across studies. Searches for missing data, confounding variables, and related terms found no passage addressing the claimed lack of transparency or its effect on validity. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Problematic TikTok use severity, self-control, and school engagement: A one-year longitudinal study
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The Psychological Impact of TikTok on Mental Health
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TikTok Usage Effects on Attention to News Reading: An Eye-Tracking Study
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The Dual Role of Student and Creator: Exploring the TikTok Experience
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Social Dynamics of Elementary School Students: The Impact of TikTok in the Digital Age
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Effect of Short-Form Videos on Student Attention
Mahmoudi, M., Taghiyareh, F., & Arian, K. (2024) · International Symposium on Telecommunications · doi:10.1109/ist64061.2024.10843554 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Impact of Short Videos on University Students - Evidence from Tiktok
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The Impact of Short Video Addiction on Attentional Network Function
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Convergent and divergent predictors of extensive use time and problematic TikTok use
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TikTok Videos Related to the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Have Low Educational Value
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Assessing Social Influence on TikTok for Gen-Z Academic Performance Enhancement
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- Authors
- Sha, P., & Dong, X.
- Affiliations
- Southwest University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Sha, Peng
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8820
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8393543
- OpenAlex
- W3196086305
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 16.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (2019T120799)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Digital Media and Philosophy
- Keywords
- memory loss, depression, anxiety, stress, adolescents, high school students, digit span, gender differences, mediating effect, social media use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Social Media
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